viral hepatitis is one of five infectional factors cause early death in all over the world. every day at least one million people die because of viral hepatitis. six hepatitis viruses have been known until now. they are a, b, c, d, e, g, and it is probable that at least two other kinds i.e. f, and h, will be known soon. only hepatitis b is a dna virus, and the others are rna viruses. all viruse...

Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) is a degenerate RNA virus or virusoid and a satellite of Hepatitis B virus (HBV). Three distinct genotypes are described for HDV; genotype I is distributed worldwide but other genotypes appear to be more restricted geographically. In the present study, an RT-nested PCR method was set up to detect delta infection from serum samples. Moreover, the target amplified sequ...

conclusions the overall prevalence of hbv and hcv was 1.16% and 1.42%, respectively. the incidence of hcv infection among the pregnant women was higher than that of hbv infection. materials and methods the cross-sectional study took place between july 2013 and april 2014. a total of 10,288 samples were collected from pregnant women living in different areas of the peshawar district. the samples...

Introduction: Hepatitis A is caused by a virus with a similar name. As a very contagious disease, Hepatitis A is one of the most prevalent infant infections across the developing countries. People who have been vaccinated and also those who caught this disease already are immune against hepatitis A. Since it was not possible and cost effective to analyze the immunity level of all asymptomatic c...

objectives: patients with hepatitis c virus infection are at high risk of getting hepatitis a virus. hepatitis a virus is an important widespread virus that usually causes more severe medical consequences in patients with chronic liver disease. the purpose of this study was to evaluate prevalence of hepatitis a virus antibody in patients with chronic hcv in isfahan province, iran. methods: a cr...

The liver is an organ that withstands a lot of insults due to various things such as infection, toxins and even our own immune system. There are injuries the relatively common in medicine viral hepatitis caused by different strains Hepatitis A-E, autoimmune hepatitis, injury drugs acetaminophen. However, syphilis causing not seen often there certain features distinguish syphilitic should be rep...

Background and Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most important common cancers in the world. The main etiology of this cancer in developing and third world countries is due to the infection with hepatitis B and C viruses. Hepatitis B and C viruses (HCV) would both cause liver cancer but the incidence of the disease in relation to the age and gender has not been determined. The ...

Parvovirus B19 infection is usually self-limiting in immunocompetent individuals. Twenty-five percent of infected individuals are
 completely asymptomatic during infection, with 50% them presenting flu-like symptoms and the remaining patients presenting
 erythema infectiosum, arthralgia, or arthritis. More rarely, transient aplastic crisis seen chronic haemolytic
 disorders. Chro...