Semiconductor ZnO aerogels were synthesized by a sol–gel process with different concentrations (2.5–7.5 wt.%) of Al (n-type) or Na (p-type) and dried under supercritical CO2. The materials calcined at 500 °C to remove the organic content crystallize ZnO. microstructure ZnO-based comprises porous structure hexagonal platelet-shaped interconnected particles. bandgap doped decreased significantly ...

Two-dimensional (2-D) spatially varying convolutional filters for three-dimensional (3-D) depth extrapolation are efficiently designed and implemented by using McClellan transformations. Although efficient, McClellan transformations only approximate circularly symmetric depth extrapolation filters. The accuracy of the extrapolation filters can be increased only at an increase in the computation...

Hexagonal hierarchical microtubular structures are produced by diphenylalanine self-assembly and the ratio of the relative humidity in the growth chamber to the diphenylalanine concentration (defined as the RH-FF ratio) determines the microtubular morphology. The hexagonal arrangement of the diphenylalanine molecules first induces the hexagonal nanotubes with opposite charges on the two ends, a...

Bacteriophage T4, like all other viruses, is required to be stable while being transmitted from host to host, but also is poised to eject efficiently and rapidly its double-stranded DNA genome to initiate infection. The latter is coordinated by the recognition of receptors on Escherichia coli cells by the long tail fibers and subsequent irreversible attachment by the short tail fibers. These fi...