A number of studies have brought to light the fact that substitution of fructose for glucose as the sole carbohydrate in a diet results in a profound change in the metabolic behavior of an animal. Thus, the ability of the liver of a glucose-fed, diabetic rat to convert acetate carbon to fatty acids is considerably impaired (l), but when the glucose of the animal’s diet is replaced by fructose, ...

1. Insulin prevented increases in liver glucose 6-phosphatase and fructose 1,6-diphosphatase activities in response to cortisol administration, but it did not prevent increases in response to diets high in protein or in fructose. 2. Insulin increased pyruvate kinase activity in animals treated with cortisol or fed a high protein diet; both treatments decrease pyruvate kinase activity. Insulin d...

The effect of imidapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, on insulin resistance was studied in high-fructose-fed rats. A sequential hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp procedure (insulin infusion rates: 3 and 30 mU/kg BW/min) was employed in 15 high-fructose-fed rats and 10 normal chow-fed rats under the awake condition. Five of the high-fructose-fed and five of the normal chow-f...

Rates of obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome are increasing in many countries. Diet is an obvious factor that can contribute to the risk of these metabolic conditions, which, in turn, predispose one to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, major sources of morbidity, mortality, and health expenditure. The key dietary components involved in increasing metabolic risk are sub...

High-fructose diet-fed rats as one of the insulin resistant models was used widely for understanding the mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Systems-level metabolic profiling of the rat model, however, has not been deciphered clearly. To address this issue, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was employed to unlock the metabolic snapshots of the oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) effect in...

The rat fructose transporter normally appears after completion of weaning but can be precociously induced by early feeding of a high-fructose diet. In this study, the crypt-villus site, the metabolic nature of the signal, and the age dependence of induction were determined. In weaning rats fed high-glucose pellets, GLUT-5 mRNA expression was modest, localized mainly in the upper three-fourths o...

This study was initiated to see if the insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertension that follow feeding normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats a fructose-rich diet could be prevented by letting rats run spontaneously in exercise wheel cages. Blood pressure in sedentary rats increased from (mean +/- SEM) 125 +/- 2 to 148 +/- 3 mm Hg in response to 2 weeks of a high fructose diet, and this in...

There are fundamental differences between the metabolic fate of fructose and of glucose. Whereas the metabolism of glucose is controlled by hormones such as insulin, fructose uptake and phosphorylation in the liver occurs independently of hormones and its ultimate metabolic fate is unpredictable. Essential fructosuria, a harmless inherited anomaly of fructose metabolism, is the least harmful of...

Metabolic syndrome is a serious health problem that is increasing worldwide particularly in aged people due to increased fructose intake in processed foods as well as physical inactivity. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with ground seeds of Nigella sativa on the criteria of metabolic syndrome in aged rats. The present study was carried out on...

High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is commonly found in soft drinks and juice beverages, as well as in many pre-packaged foods such as breakfast cereals, baked goods and dairy desserts. Historically, sucrose (table sugar) was primarily added to processed foods and beverages as the sweetening agent. In recent years, the use of HFCS has significantly increased in popularity due to its sweetness, abi...