The finding that chromatin modifications are sensitive to changes in cellular cofactor levels potentially links altered tumor cell metabolism and gene expression. However, the specific enzymes and metabolites that connect these two processes remain obscure. Characterizing these metabolic-epigenetic axes is critical to understanding how metabolism supports signaling in cancer, and developing the...

The elucidation of the mechanisms of transcriptional activation and repression in eukaryotic cells has shed light on the important role of acetylation-deacetylation of histones mediated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), respectively. Another group belonging to the large family of sirtuins (silent information regulators (SIRs)) has an (nicotinamide adenine di...

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are key enzymes for post-translational modification and influence on various cellular activities. Thus, HDACs associated with many diseases their inhibitors have clinical significance. Here, 4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) was studied as an inhibitor class I using the HDAC (HDACi) Trichostatin-A a positive control. The 4HR administered 1–100 μM to human umbilical endothelia...

Histone modifications are important regulators of gene expression in all eukaryotes. In Plasmodium falciparum, these epigenetic marks regulate expression of genes involved in several aspects of host-parasite interactions, including antigenic variation. While the identities and genomic positions of many histone modifications have now been cataloged, how they are targeted to defined genomic regio...

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Histone, and non-histone, protein acetylation plays an important role in a variety of cellular events, including the normal and abnormal development of blood cells, by changing the epigenetic status of chromatin and regulating non-histone protein function. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs), which are the enzymes responsible for histone and non-histone protein acetylation, contain p300/CBP, MYST...

Title of Dissertation: EPIGENETICS OF NEURODEGENERATION: QUANTIFICATION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE ISOFORMS AND POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS OF HISTONES IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE Kyle Anderson, Doctor of Philosophy, 2015 Dissertation Directed By: Professor Catherine Fenselau Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Dr. Illarion V. Turko National Institute of Standards and Technology Institute for ...

Transcription by RNA polymerase II (polII) is accompanied by dramatic changes in chromatin structure. Numerous enzymatic activities contribute to these changes, including ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes and histone modifying enzymes. Recent studies in budding yeast document a histone modification pathway associated with polII transcription, whereby ubiquitylation of histone H2B lead...

Covalent post-translational modifications on histones impact chromatin structure and function. Their misfunction, along with perturbations or mutations in genes that regulate their dynamic status, has been observed in several diseases. Thus, targeting histone modifications represents attractive opportunities for therapeutic intervention and biomarker discovery. The best approach to address this...

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant tumour of the soft tissues. There are two main histopathological types: alveolar and embryonal. RMS occurs mainly in childhood result deregulation growth differentiation muscle cell precursors. an increasing amount data indicating that numerous epigenetic alterations within chromatin histone proteins involved pathogenesis this malignancy. Histone acetylatio...