ijāza a term describing a variety of academic certificates that giving, receiving, and collecting such certificates grew from the science of prophetic tradition and became an essential part of islamic education in nearly all academic fields. the certificate of transmission (“ijāzat al-riwāya”) is a kind of these certificates that granted the recipient (mujāz) the right to pass a specific text o...

Historians do not want to find database records; they want to understand historical contexts. Consequently, they need to draw sources on a specific subject from the repositories of different cultural heritage institutions to get their work done. For that, interoperability between different and heterogeneous databases needs to be established. This paper deals with experiences and challenges that...

In the last decades, the amount of digital data has grown rapidly. This also impacted the humanities field where the humanists and computer scientists collaborate to digitize historical texts for preservation purpose. Due to this effort, many historical texts that were accessible to few scholars became widely available in form of digital texts. The focus shifted from printed to digital texts. T...

In 2007, based on direct radiocarbon dates, we presented evidence that chickens were introduced to Chile before Europeans first made contact with the New World. The pre-Columbian age of the chicken bones and their mtDNA affinities with one of two prehistoric Pacific chicken haplogroups (E) led us to conclude that Polynesia was the most likely origin for these pre-Columbian chickens. Subsequentl...

The paper describes a tool developed to process historical (Slovene) text, which annotates words in a TEI encoded corpus with their modern-day equivalents, morphosyntactic tags and lemmas. Such a tool is useful for developing historical corpora of highly-inflecting languages, enabling full text search in digital libraries of historical texts, for modernising such texts for today's readers and m...

The application of NLP tools to historical texts is complicated by a high level of spelling variation. Different methods of historical text normalization have been proposed. In this comparative evaluation I test the following three approaches to text canonicalization on historical German texts from 15th–16th centuries: rule-based, statistical machine translation, and neural machine translation....

This paper deals with the construction of a maximally flexible corpus architecture for building and analyzing diachronic corpora. Historical data poses many challenges with regard to representation and analysis, and diachronic corpora are even more varied and unsystematic (Claridge, 2008). Since historical and diachronic corpora are so difficult and expensive to build, it is crucial that they b...