hospitals have a long history throughout the history of medicine. first hospitals are originated from persia in ancient times in the sassanid dynasty (2nd to 6th century ad). after the advent of islam in persia (iran) in 637 ad, medical knowledge and also hospitals were ourished and advanced by persian scholars. shiraz azodi hospital and university was one of the important hospitals in persia....

Authors Hans E. Grossniklaus MD, MBA, FCAP* Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia Paul T. Finger MD Department of Ophthalmology, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, New York J. William Harbour MD Department of Ophthalmology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri Tero Kivëla MD Departments of Ophthalmology ...

although iran has a deep history about 10000 years, its role in development of science in general and medicine in particular is yet to be known. there are several factors responsible for this, namely the destruction of a good number of ancient persian manuscripts and books. furthermore, lack of interest found among contemporary researchers seems to add to this anonymity. one way to compensate f...

â  in this article, we describe some features of a rediscovered medical text written in old persian (farsi dari) over one thousand years ago and discuss some of its significant attributes in relation to the historical background of the iranian scientific and literary renaissance of that era.

1. ACGME Outcome Project. General competencies. Available at: http://www.acgme.org/outcome/comp/compFull.asp. Accessed October 10, 2005. 2. Cremers SL, Ciolino JB, Ferrufino-Ponce ZK, Henderson BA. Objective Assessment of Skills in Intraocular Surgery (OASIS). Ophthalmology 2005;112:1236–41. 3. Cremers SL, Lora AN, Ferrufino-Ponce ZK. Global Rating Assessment of Skills in Intraocular Surgery (G...

Diseases which affect the visual pathway or the nerves to the eye muscles are often serious. This article summarises the anatomy and function of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 6th cranial nerves and the signs and symptoms which are important in making a correct diagnosis. N euro-ophthalmology includes the specialties of neurology and ophthalmology. Skills of both specialties are needed to assess patient...

purpose : to report a rare case of large vascularized astrocytoma on optic disc. case report : a 12-year-old boy with history of decreased vision in the left eye since 5-6 months ago was referred to the ocular oncology service at rassoul akram hospital with provisional diagnosis of retinoblastoma. on examination, visual acuity was counting fingers at 50 cm, and a 3+ relative afferent pupillary ...

1. Chairman and Distinguished Professor of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute and Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, UC San Diego, California, US; 2. Professor of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, West Virginia, US; 3. Grace and Emery Beardsley Professor and Chair, USC Department of Ophthalmology; Director, USC Roski Eye Institute, Associate Dean for Strategic Pla...

Study carried out at Department of Ophthalmology Clinical Hospital of University of São Paulo School of Medicine USP. 1 Assistant Practioner Department of Ophthalmology Doctoral Student Clinical Hospital University of São Paulo School of Medicine USP São Paulo Brazil. 2 Cataract Service Fellow, Department of Ophthalmology Clinical Hospital University of São Paulo School of Medicine USP São Paul...