background and objectives: pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (pjp) is a chronic fungal infection that caused by p. ji- rovecii . disease is more prevalent among the hiv-infected patients. the colonization of pneumocystis in human respiratory system is associated with the airway inflammation and obstruction. the current study was conducted to identify the preva- lence of p. jirovecii among the pa...

BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii, the obligate intracellular parasite is life threatening in AIDS patients. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is based on serological methods especially increasing of IgM and IgG titers, but finding of parasite or its components (antigenemia) may be beneficial method in order to detection of acute toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients. METHODS Ninety-four serum samp...

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is well known to cause different types of malignancies. In immunocompromised patients, such as those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), there is a higher likelihood of EBV related malignant transformation. Diagnosis of EBV related malignancies may be difficult and sometimes requires clinical and pathological correlation. It is very rare to have more than ...

BACKGROUND The frequency of pulmonary mycoses has increased in the past few years specially in immunocompromised patients. AIM To determine the frequency of invasive fungal diseases by analyzing lung secretion samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS Samples of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) tracheal aspiration (TA) and induced sputum (IS) were obtained from patients of five hospitals in the Valparaíso ...

T cell anergy, apoptosis, and chronic activation of T lymphocytes are prevailing features of HIV infection. The inability to develop an efficient natural antiviral activity in infected patients might be the consequence of a failure of the Ag presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) in chronically activated lymphoid tissues. We have identified a new phenothiazine derivative aminoperazine (APR; 2-am...

Immunocompromised patients as those with renal transplant, hematological neoplasia or cancer and HIV/AIDS infection can suffer acute reactivation of Chagas disease. Central nervous system (CNS) evolvement (cerebral tumor or chagoma and diffuse meningoencephalitis) is similar to other opportunistic infections that present with cerebral expansive processes like toxoplasmosis or CNS primary lympho...

Cryptococcus neoformans is ubiquitous encapsulated yeast found throughout the world. It predominantly causes significant infections in immunocompromised individuals, of which 80-90% occur in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Disseminated cryptococcal infection is uncommon and almost always occurs in HIV-infected patients. Disseminated disease, especially noncutaneous cry...

Leishmania species can cause a wide spectrum of cutaneous disease in HIV-positive patients: asymptomatic, localized cutaneous, mucosal, muco-cutaneous, diffuse cutaneous or post-kala-azar leishmaniasis. In such cases, which are usually severely immunocompromised, the leishmanial parasites reach the skin of the human host by dissemination after either a new infection (resulting from the bite of ...

Objective: Hepatic tuberculosis remains the world wide problem especially in the AIDS era. The aim of this study was to compare the clinico-pathological manifestations of hepatic tuberculosis in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Patients and Methods: We reviewed retrospectively 20 Thai patients with hepatic tuberculosis during the year 1993-2000. There were 12 immunocompromised pa...

To investigate a possible influence of GB virus C (GBV-C) in immunocompromised patients, the prevalences of GBV-C RNA and anti-E2 antibody in 197 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and in 120 control blood donors were studied. GBV-C RNA was detected in 33 of 197 HIV-infected patients (16.8%) compared with 1 in 120 blood donors (0.8%) (P < .001). Previous exposure to GBV-C (ant...