The orchestration process consists of managing classroom interactions at multiple levels: individual activities, teamwork and class-wide sessions. We study the process of orchestration in recitation sections, i.e. when students work on their assignments individually or in small groups with the presence of teaching assistants who give help on demand. Our empirical study revealed that recitation ...

In a series of 5 experiments in 2000 and 2001, several hundred students at two different universities with three different professors and six different teaching assistants took a semester long course on causal and statistical reasoning in either traditional lecture/recitation or online/recitation format. In this paper we compare the pre-post test gains of these students, we identify features of...

background: in some verses in holy quran; 233 surat al-baghare , 15 al-ahghaf , 14 loghman and 6 al-talagh, breastfeeding, gravidity, and parity recommended to the parents and expected their children to be accountable to the parents; particularly to mothers due to tolerate of pregnancy and breastfeeding duration. methods: the case-control study included 376 patients diagnosed between      2001-...

Solution One admissible heuristic (that works for every problem) is to write H(n) = 0 for all nodes n. This heuristic is clearly admissible, since the actually cost to go is always positive, thus larger than H(n) = 0. A second admissible heuristic is the max distance (also known as the L∞ distance) of the node to the goal point, computed as follows. Denote the coordinates of the goal by g = (xg...

Solution: Let us define the atomic propositions, Julia, Sarah, and Fred to indicate that Julie is telling the truth, Sarah is telling the truth, and Fred is telling the truth, respectively. First notice that if A lies then the opposite of A’s statement is true, i.e., if A claims that B and C tell the truth but A lies, then we have “(not A) implies (not(B and C))”, which is equivalent to “(not A...

Suppose you’re given an undirected graph G = (V, E), where V is a set of vertices (also known as nodes) and E ⊆ V 2 is a set of edges. Notice that in this definition, an edge e = {x , y} is a set of size two representing the endpoints. Thus, the edge {x , y} represents the same edge as {y, x}. Following this, we can think of representing a graph simply as an edge set. But the edge set represent...