Background: Chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a disease associated with impaired quality of life and substantial societal costs. Many cases present without a clear underlying cause and despite the lack of etiology current treatment protocols dictate intervention with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs or surgery often with poor long-term outcome. Recent studies indicate that commen...

A paradoxical task of the venom gland of snakes is the synthesis and storage of an instantly available suite of toxins to immobilize prey and the protection of the snake against its own venom components. Furthermore, autolysis of the venom constituents due to the action of venom metalloproteases is an additional problem, particularly among viperid venoms, which are typically rich in lytic enzym...

objective(s):cone snails are estimated to consist of up to 700 species. the venom of these snails has yielded a rich source of novel peptides. this study was aimed to study the analgesic effect of persian gulf conus textile and its comparison with morphine in mouse model. materials and methods: samples were collected in larak island. the venom ducts were isolated and kept on ice then homogenize...

AIM Complexity of the method of isolation, cultivation in vitro and the expensive cost of transplantation process of stem cells, it would require an innovation to homing and differentiation of stem cells and increase folliculogenesis. The stem cells homing was achieved through the provision of food or beverages derived from natural materials like honeybee product. Through honeybee product, ther...

The diagnosis of insect venom allergy and the indication for specific immunotherapy is based on history, skin tests and demonstration of hymenoptera venom-specific IgE-antibodies. Cellular tests can add useful information but the role of basophil activation tests for the different venoms has to be elucidated further. We evaluated positive reactions in a basophil activation test using CD63 expre...

The health of managed and wild honeybee colonies appears to have declined substantially in Europe and the United States over the last decade. Sustainability of honeybee colonies is important not only for honey production, but also for pollination of crops and wild plants alongside other insect pollinators. A combination of causal factors, including parasites, pathogens, land use changes and pes...

In recent years, use of biodegradable polymers based nanoparticles has received highinterest in the development of vaccines delivery vehicles. The aim of study was to preparechitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) for loading Echis carinatus (EC) venom and evaluate theirpotential as an adjuvant and antigen delivery system on a pilot scale. CS NPs were preparedusing ionic gelation method, and their char...

Group or population level self-organised systems comprise many individuals displaying group-level emergent properties. Current theory indicates that individual-level behaviours have an effect on the final group-level behaviour; that is, self-organised systems are sensitive to small changes in individual behaviour. Here we examine a self-organised behaviour in relation to environmentally-driven ...

Lantana camara, a woody shrub originating in south and central America, is among the most widespread and troublesome exotic weeds of the old-world tropics. It invades pasture, crops and native ecosystems, causing substantial economic losses and environmental degradation. In Australia alone, L. camara is currently estimated to cover c. 40 000 km . In glasshouse studies we demonstrate that L. cam...

Venom detection is crucial for confirmation of envenomation and snake type in snake-bite patients. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is used to detect venom, but antivenom in samples prevents venom detection. We aimed to detect snake venom in post-antivenom samples after dissociating venom-antivenom complexes with glycine-HCl (pH 2.2) and heating for 30 min at 950 °C. Serum samples underwent dissociatio...