After two years of the pandemic, there is still concern about COVID-19, mainly among non-vaccinated and specific groups such as patients at risk, particularly, a group young people who may or not be vaccinated are hookah users. These exposed to trachea lung damage considering that they use equipment in closed places with little air exchange. Studies have shown regular users share mouthpiece exc...

INTRODUCTION Researchers have suggested that adolescents' cigar use has increased beyond the rates being reported on tobacco use surveys. Differences in content knowledge and everyday colloquial expressions may be responsible for misreporting of cigar use. To determine whether cigar use is subject to systematic misreporting, we compared reports of general cigar use ("During the past 30 days, on...

Background: Substance use is a growing public health problem among adolescents. In the lack of a valid and reliable instrument based on social development model (SDM), this study aimed to develop risk and protective factors of substance use scale based on SDM to determine risk and protective factors influencing substance use among adolescents. Methods: A total of 235 male students from 9th and ...

Background and aims: Most consumers of tobacco begin to consume it before age 18. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of community and school-based interventions to reduce tobacco consumption in high school students. Methods: This was a randomized community intervention trial. We first selected two economically and culturally similar cities including Ajabshir and Malekan in East A...

Prostate cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Iran, yet there are few studies examining risk factors specific to the Iranian context. We conducted a case-control study to explore risk factors for prostate cancer in Mazandaran, Iran from 2005 to 2008. The cases were 137 men with clinicopathologically confirmed prostate cancer. Controls were 137 neighborhood and age match men wit...

Dear Editors, In their interesting report, Lim et al. state that shisha CO poisoning is rare in Singapore [1]. The situation is actually the same worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, only 1 shisha smoker out of 24 cases of CO-related intoxications of various origins could be identified [2]. A few years ago, two cases related to hookah lounges were reported in France, a country with a total of about 1,00...

Background: Substance abuse is one of the main health problems in Iran and awareness about its spread and procedure of spread in the society, particularly the susceptible society of students, is very important with regard to the population pyramid of Iran. Methods: This study was performed by cross-sectional method. The sampling size was 610 male students in pre-university grade by a probabilis...