The existence, scale, and growth rates of subsynoptic-scale warm-core circulations are investigated with a simple parameterization for latent heat release in a nonconvective basic state using a linear two-layer shallow-water model. For a range of baroclinic flows from moderate to high Richardson number, conditionally stable lapse rates approaching saturated adiabats consistently yield the most ...

A global observational study of atmospheric conditions associated with tropical disturbance and storm development is presented. This study primarily uses upper air observations which have become available over the tropical oceans in the last decade. Climatological values of vertical stability, low level wind, tropospheric vertical wind shear and other parameters relative to the location and sea...

This paper tests the hypothesis that Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) species can be propagated by wind over long distances. Movement patterns of midges were inferred indirectly from patterns of the spread of bluetongue outbreaks between farms (using outbreak data from 1999-2001 for Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey) and then matched to concurrent wind patterns. The general methodology was to de...

Lower stratospheric wind and temperature measurements made from NASA’s high-altitude ER-2 research aircraft during the CRYSTAL-FACE campaign in July 2002 were analyzed to retrieve information on small scale gravity waves (GWs) at the aircraft’s flight level (typically ∼ 20 km altitude). For a given flight segment, the S-transform (a Gaussian wavelet transform) was used to search for and identif...

The generation and destruction of stratification in the surface mixed layer of the ocean is understood to result from vertical turbulent transport of buoyancy and momentum driven by air–sea fluxes and stresses. In this paper, it is shown that the magnitude and penetration of vertical fluxes are strongly modified by horizontal gradients in buoyancy and momentum. A classic example is the strong r...

This study aims to gain knowledge on how hydroelastic waves interact with off-shore structures, for example off-shore wind turbines or oil rigs. The linear two-dimensional problem of hydroelastic waves reflected by a vertical wall is analysed. Water is of finite depth and is covered by ice. The fluid is assumed incompressible and inviscid. The ice sheet is assumed thin compared with both the wa...

differs, and to apply those techniques for Chinese It is very important to perform a full-text retrieval search of document information accumulated in the past. Although the retrieval technologies for ascii teM documents have been established, the highly precise character retrieval from the image based documents such as a bitmap image is not easy. In this paper, a word retrieval technique for a...

Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSGs) exhibit high efficiency and power density, and have already been employed in gearless wind turbines. In the gearless wind turbines, due to the removal of the gearbox, the cogging torque is an important issue. Therefore, in this paper, at first, design of a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator for a 2MW gearless horizontal-axis wind turbine, acco...

-Measurements of the normalized radar cross section (_o) made by the YSCAT nltrawideband scatterometer during an extended deployment on the Canada Centre for Inland Waters (CCIW) Research Tower located at Lake Ontario are analyzed and compared with anemometer wind measurements to study the sensitivity of cr° to the wind speed as a function of the Bragg wavelength. This paper concentrates on upw...

introduction radiographs provide unique information about the status of periodontium and permanent records of condition of bone throughout the course of the disease. interproximal images record the distance between the cementoenamel junction and the crest of the interradicular alveolar bone, more accurately. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different vertical angles of x-r...