Let G=(V,E) be an edge weighted geometric graph (not necessarily planar) such that every is horizontal or vertical. The weight of uv∈E the L1-distance between its endpoints. WG(u,v) denotes length a shortest path pair vertices u and v in G. G said to Manhattan network for given point set P plane if P⊆V ∀p,q∈P, WG(p,q)=‖pq‖1. In addition P, may also include T Steiner points vertex V. problem, ob...

Friction forces can be used to move objects along a planar horizontal surface by vibrating the surface with two degrees of freedom. The method presented here uses a combination of horizontal and vertical oscillations to produce a non-zero resulting friction force. Using this principle, objects can be moved along any horizontal direction with variable speed. If many small surface elements are pl...

Conditions in which saccadic gaze shifts within planar surfaces facilitate stereo-slant discrimination for slant about the horizontal and vertical axis were investigated. When horizontal disparity noise was added, large gaze shifts in the direction of the slant lowered stereo-slant discrimination thresholds compared to thresholds measured with steady central fixation, whereas eye movements orth...

Many animals move using lateral undulations, but snakes are noteworthy for using this type of locomotion in an unusual diversity of environments, including trees in which both the spacing and orientation of branches vary considerably. Despite branches providing discrete locations for snakes to generate propulsive forces during lateral undulation, the consequences of branch spacing for the locom...

The interplay between topological defects, such as dislocations or disclinations, and the electronic degrees of freedom in graphene have been extensively studied. In literature, for study this kind problems, it is general used either a gauge theory curved spatial Riemannian geometry approach, where, geometric case, information about defects contained metric spin-connection. However, these can a...

The atomic structure and local composition of high quality epitaxial substoichiometric titanium diboride (TiB1.9) thin film, deposited by unbalanced magnetron sputtering, were studied using analytical high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, density functional theory, image simulations. unpaired Ti is pinpointed to inclusion Ti-based stacking faults within a few layers, which ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Reconstruction of large full thickness upper lid defects that cannot be closed directly often rely on utilising the lower lid. An example is the Cutler Beard procedure. A one stage technique for repair of large horizontal upper lid defects utilising local posterior and anterior lamella advancement flaps is described and the results reported. METHOD Eight cases with upper lid d...

We generalize the analysis of the normal modes for a rotating ionic Coulomb crystal in a Penning trap to allow for inhomogeneities in the system. Our formal developments are completely general, but we choose to examine a crystal of Be+ ions with BeH+ defects to compare with current experimental efforts. We examine the classical phonon modes (both transverse and planar) and we determine the effe...

A visibility representation is a classical drawing style of planar graphs. It displays the vertices of a graph as horizontal vertexsegments, and each edge is represented by a vertical edge-segment touching the segments of its end vertices; beyond that segments do not intersect. We generalize visibility to 1-visibility, where each edge(vertex-) segment crosses at most one vertex(edge-) segment. ...

In the past, most small diameter pipe welds were radiographed for defects. However, radiography has significant limitations: safety and licensing issues, disruption to work schedules, chemical wastes, and poor detection of planar defects. Manual ultrasonics was permitted by some codes, but suffers from lack of recorded data and dependence on the operator’s skills. Automated ultrasonic testing (...