On the prehistoric site of Ploča Mičov Grad (Ohrid, North Macedonia) on eastern shore Lake Ohrid a total 799 wooden elements were recorded from systematically excavated area nearly 100 square metres. Most them are pile remains made round wood with diameters up to almost 40 cm. A comprehensive dendrochronological analysis allows construction numerous well-replicated tree-ring chronologies for di...

Orchis mascula (L.) L. is widely distributed in the Sochi Black Sea region. It occurs forest phytocenoses of low-mountain and mid-mountain belts southern macroslope Main Caucasian Range. The number individual populations from a few individuals to several tens, usually are dispersed over large areas. abundance varies greatly depending on weather conditions other factors. O. can be attributed hem...

Pollen analysis and AMS radiocarbon dating of a short sediment core from a mire in Veisar (Mazandaran province, N Iran) reveals the late-Holocene vegetation history of the area. High pollen values suggest that Caucasian alder (Alnus subcordata) has been present in the vicinity of the mire throughout the record. Wingnut (Pterocarya fraxinifolia), which was previously abundantly present, shows a ...

Isolated soil DNA from an oak-hornbeam forest close to Cologne, Germany, was suitable for PCR amplification of gene segments coding for the 16S rRNA and nitrogenase reductase (NifH), nitrous oxide reductase (NosZ), cytochrome cd(1)-containing nitrite reductase (NirS), and Cu-containing nitrite reductase (NirK) of denitrification. For each gene segment, diverse PCR products were characterized by...

Some of the clearest examples of the ramifying effects of resource pulses exist in deciduous forests dominated by mast-producing trees, such as oaks, beech, and hornbeam. Seed production in these forests represents only the first of several pulsed events. Secondary pulses emerge as mast-consuming small rodents numerically respond to seed production and tertiary pulses emerge as generalist preda...

The European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) is a transitional species in the Polish flora, reaching its northeastern range limit just beyond the Polish border (Jalas and Suominen, 1976; Boratyńska, 1993). The species is a telocratic taxon which appeared in Central Europe ~5000 years ago and spread throughout Poland ~4000 years ago (Huntley and Birks, 1983; Środoń, 1993; Ralska-Jasiewiczowa et a...

Pollen-based vegetation change has been inferred from sediments in Kalavan Red Lake. This small lake is placed the beech-oak-hornbeam forest, about three kilometres away village of (Gegharkunik Province Republic Armenia) which rich with archaeological sites spread Barepat River valley spanning Palaeolithic period onwards. It potential to document Holocene forest history and climate human impact...