BACKGROUND Price and affordability of foods are important determinants of health. Targeted food pricing policies may help improve population diets. However, methods producing comparable data to inform relevant policy decisions are lacking in Australia and globally. The objective was to develop and pilot standardised methods to assess the price, relative price and affordability of healthy (recom...

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the food and nutrition insecurity of Brazilian families, according to indicators consumption nutritional status, by location situation households investigated using 2008/2009 Household Budget Survey. Methods Inadequate macronutrients dystrophies (underweight, short stature or overweight) in at least one family member were used as indicators, geographical household...

ANN C. FOSTER and CRAIG J. KREISLER T he National Health Care Expenditure Accounts (NHEA), the official estimates of total health care spending in the United States, show that in 2008, U.S. health care spending by business, governments, and households was $2.3 trillion, or $7,681 per person. The NHEA also shows that in 2008 health care spending was 16.2 percent of the gross domestic product (GD...

We provide a practical solution to performing cross-user machine learning through aggregation on a sensitive dataset distributed among privacy-concerned users. We focus on a scenario in which a single company wishes to obtain the distribution of aggregate features, while ensuring a high level of privacy for the users. We are interested in the case where users own devices that are not necessaril...

The objective of this ecological study was to investigate the association between caries experience in 5- and 12-year-old Brazilian children in 2010 and household sugar procurement in 2003 and the effects of exposure to water fluoridation and socioeconomic indicators. Sample units were all 27 Brazilian capital cities. Data were obtained from the National Surveys of Oral Health; the National Hou...