Personal Identification Numbers (PINs) are commonly used as an authentication mechanism. An important security requirement is that PINs should be hard to guess for an attacker. On the other hand, remembering several random PINs can be difficult task for an individual. We evaluate several dictionary-based methods of choosing a PIN. We experimentally show that these methods are far from ideal wit...

Your life-saving drug, which was supposed to look clear before injection, has got large particles floating in it. The can of paint you bought to spruce up your living room is caked, and no amount of stirring makes it homogeneous again. And, adding insult to injury, the Béarnaise sauce for the broccoli is lumpy and your tap water is hazy. What do all these problems have in common? The answer is ...

Subordinate baboons voluntarily follow the dominant group member to foraging patches where they themselves starve. One-sided preservation of social ties seems to prevail over fair decision sharing, contradicting recent theory.

back ground and purpose: continuing education is one of priorities of newly graduates from medicine and selection of a proper residency program is a major problem for most of them. this study examined various motives and reasons for inclination of graduates from medicine to continue education in a special residency program and become specialized. methods: this is a cross-sectional study. a ques...

Barberà and Coelho (WP 264, CREA-Barcelona Economics, 2007) documented six screening rules associated with the rule of k names that are used by diferent institutions around the world. Here, we study whether these screening rules satisfy stability. A set is said to be a weak Condorcet set à la Gehrlein (Math Soc Sci 10:199–209) if no candidate in this set can be defeated by any candidate from ou...

Family or household is seen as a foundation for the establishment of society. The Prophetic Hadith views it sturdy tie in religion and Marriage one media to organize social order. To ebstalish harmonious family based on principles mawaddah rahmah desire everyone. obsession realize should be achieved earnest way. underlying formation from hadith's perspective include way choose an ideal partner ...