FSH and androgen act to stimulate and maintain spermatogenesis. FSH acts directly on the Sertoli cells to stimulate germ cell number and acts indirectly to increase androgen production by the Leydig cells. In order to differentiate between the direct effects of FSH on spermatogenesis and those mediated indirectly through androgen action, we have crossed hypogonadal (hpg) mice, which lack gonado...

A three-dimensional hierarchical porous graphene-like (3D HPG) material was synthesized by a one-step ion-exchange/activation combination method using a cheap metal ion exchanged resin as carbon precursor. The 3D HPG material as support for Au-NiCo2O4 gives good activity and stability for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The 3D HPG material is induced into NiCo2O4 as conductive support to incre...

Van Valen (1973) characterized evolution as the control of development by ecology. Sex determination in fishes provides some clear examples of this “control” in operation. Teleost fishes show a remarkable variety of sex determination and differentiation patterns. These range from systems in which sex is determined by sex chromosomes, as in birds and mammals, to simultaneous hermaphrodites that ...

Significant uterine growth occurred in normal and hypogonadal (hpg) mice between Days 7 and 21 but thereafter no further growth was observed in hpg mice. The ovaries of hpg mice were significantly smaller than those of normals at all ages, but there was no significant difference between the number of non-growing follicles in the ovaries of mutants and their normal littermates at any age studied...

BACKGROUND The hypogonadal (hpg) mouse is widely used as an animal model with which to investigate the endocrine regulation of spermatogenesis. Chronic treatment of these GnRH-deficient mice with estradiol is known to induce testicular maturation and restore qualitatively normal spermatogenesis. The aim of the current studies was to investigate whether these effects of estradiol are direct effe...