Abstract Human urine is a readily available nutrient source that can complement commercial fertilizer production, which relies on finite mineral resources and global supply chains. This study evaluated the effectiveness of simplified solar distillation process for to recover phosphorus (P) nitrogen agricultural use water non-potable purposes. Synthetic fresh, synthetic hydrolyzed, real hydrolyz...

melamine is a new risk of urinary stones. gansu province is a heavily affected area and has large population and underdeveloped economy. we hypothesized that number of family members and family income may play significant roles in the formation of urinary stones. a case-control study was performed among 190 infants. results showed that the case group had less numbers of family members than the ...

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines are believed to play a significant role as causes of cancer in people who use tobacco products. Whereas the uptake of one tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, has been shown by analysis of its metabolites in urine, there are no published studies on urinary levels of N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), N'-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), and...

Quantification of proteinuria is usually predicated upon 24-hour urine collection. Multiple factors influence urine collection and the rate of protein and creatinine excretion. Urine collection is often incomplete, and therefore creatinine and protein excretion rates are underestimated. A random urine protein-creatinine (P-C) ratio has been shown over the years to be a reliable alternative to t...

Introduction and Objective: Zinc as the second trace element of the human body plays an important role in numerous functions. A large number of research studies have showed serum zinc deficiency and excess urinary excretion in patients with major beta thalassemia, but few studies revealed excess urinary zinc excretion in minor b...

Cranberry, which is rich in polyphenols, including anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, has been found to have various effects beneficial to human health, including prevention of urinary tract infections. These effects have been associated with polyphenols in the fruit. We investigated the excretion of anthocyanins in human urine after ingestion of cranberry juice. Eleven healthy volunteers cons...

In the present study we investigated the metabolic conversion of cyanidin glycosides in human subjects using solid-phase extraction,HPLC-diode array detector, MS, GC, and enzymic techniques. Volunteers consumed approximately 20 g chokeberry extract containing 1.3 g cyanidin 3-glycosides (899 mg cyanidin 3-galactoside, 321 mg cyanidin 3-arabinoside, 51 mg cyanidin 3-xyloside and 50 mg cyanidin 3...

Lupus nephritis is characterized by intrarenal inflammation. Leukocytes trafficking from peripheral blood into affected tissues spaces represent an important factor in the development of many renal diseases. During the past few years has been attributed the crucial role of a family of chemotactic cytokines--the chemokines--in this process. In the course of renal diseases, the infiltration of mo...

In 1954 a project was started to systematically investigate the nondialyzable substances in human urine. Four reports1 have been presented describing the procedure for removing the insoluble material from urine preserved with toluene (10 ml/specimen) by high-speed continuous-flow centrifugation, after which a soft, buttery layer called “floating lipid fraction” (FF)2 by Smith (1) and Winkler (2...