Generation of DeltaPsi (membrane potential) by cytochrome oxidase proteoliposomes oxidizing superoxide-reduced cytochrome c has been demonstrated. XO+HX (xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine) were used to produce superoxide. It was found that the generation of DeltaPsi is completely abolished by cyanide (an uncoupler) or by superoxide dismutase, and is enhanced by nigericin. Addition of ascorbate ...

Some alternative control strategies of currently emerging plant diseases are based on the use of resistance inducers. This review highlights the recent advances made in the characterization of natural compounds that induce resistance by a priming mechanism. These include vitamins, chitosans, oligogalacturonides, volatile organic compounds, azelaic and pipecolic acid, among others. Overall, othe...

OBJECTIVES To assess mammography utilization and knowledge, and to determine barriers associated with mammography utilization among Saudi women. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 5 main geographic regions of Saudi Arabia from February 2015 to May 2015. The sample comprised women aged ≥40 years. Associations between socio-demographic factors and mammography use were tested using ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of sensory or motor nerve damage to the tongue using a mouse model. STUDY DESIGN Animal study. SETTING Research laboratory. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Adult male and female mice from inbred strains B6 (n = 19) and D2 (n = 25). Following lick training, bilateral lingual-chorda tympani nerve cuts (LX) (n = 6 B6, n = 7 D2), unilateral hypoglossal nerve cuts (HX)...

We have studied the effects produced by site-directed mutagenesis upon energetic and structural cooperativity in the Src homology region 3 domain of alpha-spectrin. The mutation of Asn47 to Gly or Ala in the distal loop brings about significant changes to the global stability of the domain in spite of not affecting its structure to any great extent. The binding affinity for a proline-rich pepti...

Chronic unilateral hemisection (HX) of the adult rat spinal cord diminishes conduction through intact fibers in the ventrolateral funiculus (VLF) contralateral to HX. This is associated with a partial loss of myelination from fibers in the VLF (Arvanian et al., 2009). Here, we again measured conduction through the VLF using electrical stimulation while recording the resulting volley and synapti...

All cellular processes depend on the functionality of proteins. Although the functionality of a given protein is the direct consequence of its unique amino acid sequence, it is only realized by the folding of the polypeptide chain into a single defined three-dimensional arrangement or more commonly into an ensemble of interconverting conformations. Investigating the connection between protein c...

An enhancer named MFCS1 regulates Sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression in the posterior mesenchyme of limb buds. Several mutations in MFCS1 induce ectopic Shh expression in the anterior limb bud, and these result in preaxial polydactyly (PPD). However, the molecular basis of ectopic Shh expression remains elusive, although some mutations are known to disrupt the negative regulation of Shh expression...

Measurement of the naturally occurring hydrogen exchange (HX) behavior of proteins can in principle provide highly resolved thermodynamic and kinetic information on protein structure, dynamics, and interactions. The HX fragment separation-mass spectrometry method (HX-MS) is able to measure hydrogen exchange in biologically important protein systems that are not accessible to NMR methods. In ord...

The hypophysectomized rat has been used as a model to study the effects of growth hormone deficiency on bone. Here, we have investigated the influence of growth hormone administration to hypophysectomized rats (HX) for 6 wk on accumulation of triglycerides in bone marrow and on the differentiation of primary marrow stromal cells into adipocytes under in vitro conditions. We found that hypophyse...