Among the studies of effect rock’s heterogeneity on hydraulic fracture propagation, very little information effects toughness is available. The objective present paper to develop a planar-3D model for studying propagation. Not only stage but also before propagation considered in this model. Based proposed model, evolution under typical heterogeneous distribution and solution at are analyzed det...

we give further results for perron-frobenius theory on the numericalrange of real matrices and some other results generalized from nonnegative matricesto real matrices. we indicate two techniques for establishing the main theorem ofperron and frobenius on the numerical range. in the rst method, we use acorresponding version of wielandt's lemma. the second technique involves graphtheory.

This paper presents a modeling approach for three-dimensional simulation of hydraulic fracturing of jointed rock. The base for a successful computer based simulation for productive use is the ability to calculate the fractured volume with sufficient accuracy and efficiency. Especially in cases three dimensional effects have to be taken into account, the common commercial software tools in oil a...

OBJECTIVES Leaflet injury has been documented to occur during the deployment of valved stents (VSs). The pathological aspects, however, of this injury are difficult to quantify. Conversely, the hydraulic conductance of a (pericardial) membrane may be easily determined. The impact of crimping and deployment of VS on this parameter was therefore investigated. METHODS Bovine pericardial square (...

The Arya-Paris model is an indirect method to estimate the soil water characteristic from particle-size data. The scaling parameter, a, in the original model was assumed constant for all soil textures. In this study, a is defined as a, = (logJV//log«,-), where n, is the number of spherical particles in the ith particle-size fraction (determined by the fraction solid mass, wh and mean particle r...

We tested the effects of growth characteristics and basic density on hydraulic and mechanical properties of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) wood from six 24-year-old clones, grown on two sites in southern Sweden differing in water availability. Hydraulic parameters assessed were specific hydraulic conductivity at full saturation (ks100) and vulnerability to cavitation (Psi50), me...

The design of hydraulic systems is founded on deep physical connections. It needs creativity and, at the present time, it cannot be automated. Nevertheless, powerful design support in hydraulics is still possible. This paper presents a new view to the design of hydraulic systems and shows how sophisticated subtasks of the hydraulic design procedure can be tackled. We identify the “model synthes...

Increased drought frequency and severity may reshape tree species distribution in arid environments. Dioecious tree species may be more sensitive to climate warming if sex-related vulnerability to drought occurs, since lower performance of one sex may drive differential stress tolerance, sex-related mortality rates and biased sex ratios. We explored the effect of sex and environment on branch h...

Hydraulic systems, as power source and transmission, offer many advantages over electromechanical or purely mechanical counterparts in terms of power density, flexibility and portability. Many hydraulic systems require touching and contacting the physical environments; and many of these systems are directly controlled by human. If hydraulic systems are passive, they would be safer to interact w...

The hydraulic conductivity of a connective tissue is determined both by the fine ultrastructure of the extracellular matrix and the effects of larger particles in the interstitial space. In this study, we explored this relationship by examining the effects of 30- or 90-nm-diameter latex nanospheres or low-density lipoproteins (LDL) on the hydraulic conductivity of Matrigel, a basement membrane ...