Inhalation cough challenge has become an accepted method of investigating antitussive agents. It is, therefore, important to examine the degree of tachyphylaxis seen with repeated cough challenge. In addition, different types of challenge may reveal important differences in the neuronal pathways involved in the cough reflex. Citric acid, distilled water and capsaicin were examined to determine ...

The influence of NaHCO(3) and citric acid on the antibacterial activity of apo-ovotransferrin in model systems and ham was investigated. The antibacterial activity of 20 mg/mL of ovotransferrin solution with added NaHCO(3) (0, 25, 50, or 100 mM) or citric acid (0.25 or 0.5%) was evaluated against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in brain heart infusion broth. The antimicrobia...

This study investigated the performance of rhamnolipids-citric acid mixed agents in simultaneous desorption of lindane and heavy metals from soils. The capacity of the mixed agents to solubilize lindane, lead and cadmium in aqueous solution was also explored. The results showed that the presence of citric acid greatly enhanced the solubilization of lindane and cadmium by rhamnolipids. A combine...

The UV photooxidation with Fe(III) and H2O2 was employed to treat a naval derusting wastewater, which contains the high COD (chemical oxygen demand) and various metal concentrations exceptionally with high concentrations of citric acid and iron. Because of its iron containment, the Fenton-like reaction automatically took place with the added amount of H2O2. The decomposition rate was found in a...

An attempt has been made to develop a simple and effective approach for the treatment of snakebite ulcers using citric acid as the sole antimicrobial agent. Fifty-two (52) cases of snakebite ulcers not responding to conventional antibiotic therapy and local wound care were investigated for culture and susceptibility of swabs collected from the ulcers. Staphylococcus aureus (30.69%) an...

the influence of aluminum on some serum parameters related to bone metabolism has been investigated by daily administration of aluminum over different periods of time. daily administration of aluminum (1 mg/kg bw) for 20 or 50 days elevated serum phosphorous concentration by 16 percent and had no significant effect on serum calcium level. when aluminum was injected as a complex with citric acid...

The influence of aluminum on some serum parameters related to bone metabolism has been investigated by daily administration of aluminum over different periods of time. Daily administration of aluminum (1 mg/kg BW) for 20 or 50 days elevated serum phosphorous concentration by 16 percent and had no significant effect on serum calcium level. When aluminum was injected as a complex with citric...

Lehninger (1945) has shown that the initiation of fatty acid oxidation in cell-free preparations of animal tissues must be accompanied by oxidative phosphorylation. Grafflin & Green (1949) considered that the co-oxidation of a citric-acid cycle intermediate is also necessary to provide oxaloacetic acid to condense with the two-carbon fragments formed in the breakdown of fatty acids. The condens...

Pectin from passion fruit peels was extracted using citric acid extraction. The effects of citric acid concentration from 0.05 to 0.21 % (wt/wt), extraction time from 30 to 120 minutes and extraction temperatures from 35 to 85 ̊C on pectin yield and the degree of esterification (DE) were investigated. Using the central composite design (CCD), the optimized pectin yield was 6.44 % and degree of ...