With a medium containing citrate as the carbon and energy source, 10 clostridial strains were isolated from various mud samples. Characterization of these strains revealed that they all belonged to the same species, Clostridium sphenoides. Strains of this organism obtained from culture collections were also able to grow citrate, whereas 15 other clostridial species tested were not. Citrate was ...

Fentanyl Citrate Injection, USP is a potent o p i o i d ag o nis t . Each milliliter of solution contains fentanyl citrate equivalent to 50 mcg of fentanyl base, adjusted to pH 4.0 to 7.5 with sodium hydroxide. Fentanyl citrate is chemically identified as N-(1-phenethyl-4-piperidyl) propionanilide citrate (1:1) with a molecular weight of 528.60. The empirical formula is C22H28N2O • CH8O7. The s...

BACKGROUND Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) is indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Large and sudden decreases in systemic blood pressure were reported in a substantial number of patients taking sildenafil citrate combined with nitroglycerin. We studied the effect of sildenafil citrate on the relationship between changes in systemic blood pressure and coronary blood flow. METHODS A...

Citrate uptake in Bacillus subtilis is stimulated by a wide range of divalent metal ions. The metal ions were separated into two groups based on the expression pattern of the uptake system. The two groups correlated with the metal ion specificity of two homologous B. subtilis secondary citrate transporters, CitM and CitH, upon expression in Escherichia coli. CitM transported citrate in complex ...

Long-chain fatty acids are synthesized from citrate in an undialyzed soluble enzyme system from pigeon liver at a rate comparable to that observed when acetate is used as a precursor. The first enzymic step for citrate incorporation is probably its breakdown to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate catalyzed by the citrate~cleavage enzyme. Experiments with variously labeled citrate show good incorporatio...

Tri-sodium citrate, the focus of this article, is one such alternative. The article will include consideration of the anticoagulant properties of citrate, some detail of how tri-sodium citrate is used to anticoagulate the dialysis pathway, and the advantages of using citrate rather than standard heparin anticoagulation. The use of tri-sodium citrate is not without risk; the potentially harmful ...

The regulation of the fate of acetyl units derived from the P-oxidation of L( -)-palmitylcarnitine was studied using isolated rat liver mitochondria. Citrate synthesis from acetyl-CoA was dependent upon the concentration of Lmalate, the immediate precursor of oxalacetate in this system. The independence of the rate of citrate formation on the means used to stimulate respiration, e.g. ADP for co...

There are many reasons for considering the possibility that the metabolism of citrate is interrelated with the physiological effects of vitamin D and with the equilibrium of calcium and phosphorus in the body. Hamilton and Dewar10 and Shohl'7 demonstrated that the addition of citrate to rachitogenic diets resulted in prevention or cure of rickets in rats. Subsequently, Shohl and Butler1' showed...

BACKGROUND In 2003, it became legal in the UK for syringe exchange programmes (SEPs) to provide citrate to injecting drug users to solubilise heroin. Little work has been undertaken on the effect of policy change on SEP function. Here, we examine whether the introduction of citrate in Cheshire and Merseyside SEPs has altered the number of heroin/crack injectors accessing SEPs, the frequency at ...

This study investigates the effect of chemical substituents on the functional properties of a molecular photoswitch (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2008, 10, 1243) by means of theoretical tools. Molecular switches are known to consist of so-called frame and crane components. Several functional groups are substituted to the 7-hydroxyquinoline molecular frame at position 8 as crane fragments. The impac...