Hypersaline brines are of growing environmental concern. While high-salinity desalination and zero liquid discharge (ZLD) increasingly attractive treatment options, the high salt scalant contents pose considerable technical difficulties to existing techniques. In this review, we introduce sources hypersaline brines, examine factors driving desalination, present thermodynamic minimum energy ZLD,...

Over the last decades, treatment of large quantities hypersaline wastewater generated by conventional industries, inland desalination, and fossil-fueled power plants has been an important economic issue also inescapable green issue. Here, we developed a versatile interfacial heating membrane with alternating utilization electricity or solar energy for water treatment. This hierarchical function...