There is a great deal of academic literature, much it coming from the social sciences and epistemology, which presents itself as addressing very general problem: problem excessive falsehood. Falsehood comes in two forms: false statements beliefs. Of course, falsehood, both these forms, has always been with us, but often supposed to be on rise. I will argue that there no new or growing falsehood...

Oxymatrine, a potent monosomic alkaloid extracted from Chinese herb Sophora japonica (Sophora flavescens Ait.). possesses anti-inflammatory activittyes.  This study was designed to investigate the effects of oxymatrine on nuclear factor–kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia. In this paper, BV2...

We examined intracellular pH (pH(i)) regulation in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), a CO(2)-sensitive site, and the hypoglossal nucleus, a nonchemosensitive site, during development (postnatal days 2-18) in rats. Respiratory acidosis [10% CO(2), extracellular pH (pH(o)) 7.18] caused acidification without pH(i) recovery in the RTN at all ages. In the hypoglossal nucleus, pH(i) recovered in youn...

the biological mechanisms of tooth movement are based on the response of periodontal tissues to mechanical forces. the final result of these responses is remodeling of the extracellular matrix. tissue reactions may vary depending upon the type, magnitude and duration of the applied forces. the purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of centrifugal force on the transcription of c...

Organic matter in sediments is dominated by kerogen, a high molecular weight geomacromolecule. Kerogen can be subdivided into Types I to IV that provide paleoenvironmental and petroleum potential information. typing performed several chemical methods including elemental analysis (H/C O/C), FTIR pyrolysis-gas chromatography techniques. However, kerogens occur naturally within mineral matrices th...

Defending cellular integrity against disturbances in intracellular concentrations of ATP ([ATP](i)) is predicated on coordinating the selection of substrates and their flux through metabolic pathways (metabolic signaling), ATP transfer from sites of production to utilization (energetic signaling), and the regulation of processes consuming energy (cell signaling). Whereas NO and its receptor, so...

ABSTRACT An effective means of finding food is crucial for organisms. Whereas specialized animals select a small number potentially available sources, generalists use broader range. Specialist (oligolectic) bees forage on range flowering plants pollen and primarily olfactory visual cues to locate their host flowers. So far, however, little known about the specific oligoleges discriminate betwee...