background: infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious disease which may cause poor weight gain and low feed efficiency in infected chickens. there are a large number of reported serotypes/genotypes, which makes the control of the disease more difficult through vaccination. however, there are only a few amino acid differences in the s1 protein of vaccine and wild type strains which are respon...

Infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious respiratory disease of poultry caused by the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). It was thought that coronavirus virions were composed of three major viral structural proteins until investigations of other coronaviruses showed that the virions also include viral non-structural and genus-specific accessory proteins as well as host-cell prot...

Background: Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious viral disease which affects the poultry industry. The virus exists in a wide variety of genotypes, and phylogenetic analysis has been used to classify infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains. Aims: The object of the study is a molecular characterization of circulating IBV in Afghanistan as a ...

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and contagious disease of poultry. The spike glycoprotein (S) of IB virus is a dimmer and is cleaved into two glycopolypeptides, S1 and S2 post-translationally. S1 gene defines the serotype and plays a major role in induction of protective immunity. Eukaryotic expression systems are frequently employed for the production of recombinant S1 proteins as it is...

Coronaviruses (CoVs) can cause mild to severe disease in humans and animals, their host range and environmental spread seem to have been largely underestimated, and they are currently being investigated for their potential medical relevance. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) belongs to gamma-coronaviruses and causes a costly respiratory viral disease in chickens. The role of wild birds in the e...

Coronaviruses are the causative agents of respiratory disease in humans and animals, including severe acute respiratory syndrome. Fusion of coronaviruses is generally thought to occur at neutral pH, although there is also evidence for a role of acidic endosomes during entry of a variety of coronaviruses. Therefore, the molecular basis of coronavirus fusion during entry into host cells remains i...

Coronaviruses RNA synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm and is regulated by host cell proteins. In a screen based on a yeast three-hybrid system using the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) RNA as bait against a human cDNA library derived from HeLa cells, we found a positive candidate cellular protein, zinc finger CCHC-type and RNA-binding motif 1 (MADP1), to be able to ...

PURPOSE To compare target dose distribution, comformality, normal tissue avoidance, and irradiated body volume (IBV) in 3DCRT using classic anatomical landmarks (c3DCRT), 3DCRT fitting the PTV (f3DCRT), and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen patients with LARC underwent c3DCRT, f3DCRT, and IMRT pla...

The N-terminal domain of the coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein adopts a fold resembling a right hand with a flexible, positively charged beta-hairpin and a hydrophobic palm. This domain was shown to interact with the genomic RNA for coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Based on its 3D structure, we used site-directed muta...