AIMS Some central nervous system pathogens express neuraminidase (NA) on their surfaces. In the rat brain, a single intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of NA induces myelin vacuolation in axonal tracts. Here, we explore the nature, the time course, and the role of the complement system in this damage. METHODS The spatiotemporal analysis of myelin vacuolation was performed by optical and e...

The role of endogenous histamine and H1, H2 and H3 central receptors on food intake in broiler chickenswas investigated. For this purpose, a probe was used to manipulate the concentration of endogenoushistamine by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of thioperamide, an H3 receptor antagonist, and R-α-methylhistamine, an H3 receptor agonist and subsequently the effects of brain histaminergic...

Objective(s) The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a fat soluble antioxidant, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and folic acid on learning and memory in the rats with intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (ICV-STZ), an animal model of sporadic type of Alzheimer's disease. Materials and Methods The lesion groups were injected bilaterally with ICV-STZ (1.5 mg/kg b.wt., in norm...

BACKGROUND Correcting volumetric measurements of brain structures for intracranial volume (ICV) is important in comparing volumes across subjects with different ICV. The aim of this study was to investigate whether intracranial area (ICA) reliably predicts actual ICV in a healthy pediatric cohort and in children with convulsive status epilepticus (CSE). METHODS T1-weighted volumetric MRI was ...

To date, there is no consensus whether sexual dimorphism in the size of neuroanatomical structures exists, or if such differences are caused by choice of intracranial volume (ICV) correction method. When investigating volume differences in neuroanatomical structures, corrections for variation in ICV are used. Commonly applied methods are the ICV-proportions, ICV-residuals and ICV as a covariate...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Epileptic seizures have been reported in patients on imipenem/cilastatin (Imi/Cil) therapy. To investigate contribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in inducing imipenem/cilastatin (Imi/Cil) seizures, the effects of competitive NMDA antagonist, APV [(+/-)-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid], non-competitive NMDA antagonist remacemide [(+/-)-2-amino-N-(1-methyl-1...

Considerable evidence indicates that the metabolite of ethanol (EtOH), acetaldehyde, is biologically active. Acetaldehyde can be formed from EtOH peripherally mainly by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and also centrally by catalase. EtOH and acetaldehyde show differences in their behavioral effects depending upon the route of administration. In terms of their effects on motor activity and motivate...

We investigated the role of central endothelin-A (ET(A)) receptors and nitric oxide (NO) in regulating arterial pressure during restraint stress and recovery from stress. Rats received intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of the ET(A) receptor antagonist BQ123 (24 microg/kg) and were then subjected to two restraint-rest cycles (1 h of restraint and 1 h of rest/cycle). Although mean arterial...

Hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism has recently been implicated in the controls of food intake and energy homeostasis. We report that intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of leptin, concomitant with inhibiting AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), activates acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), the key regulatory enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis, in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN...

GH secretagogue (GHS) is a small, synthetic compound that has the potential to stimulate GH release via its specific receptors (GHS-R). Ghrelin is a novel 28-amino acid peptide recently isolated from human and rat stomach, and it is thought to be the endogenous ligand for GHS-R. Ghrelin has a variety of physiological functions such as the stimulation of GH release or the increase of food intake...