In this paper, we show how the Demirci-Selcuk-Ture attack, which is currently the deepest penetrating attack on the IDEA block cipher, can be improved significantly in performance. The improvements presented reduce the attack’s plaintext, memory, precomputation time, and key search time complexities. These improvements also make a practical implementation of the attack on reduced versions of ID...

In this paper we describe an attack on 3 rounds of IDEA, making use of linear as well as diierential cryptanalytic techniques. The attack is independent of the key schedule. The main attack requires at most 2 29 chosen plaintext pairs and a workload of about 2 49 additions modulo 2 16 + 1 to nd two subkeys or their additive inverses modulo 2 16 + 1. Further we describe a method, which then can ...

T he introduction of a fl uorescent lipid probe, specifi cally fl uorescent ceramide, in the mid-1980s (Lipsky and Pagano, 1983; Lipsky and Pagano, 1985) gave Gerrit van Meer and Kai Simons just the tool they needed to attack a nagging question. Lipid locations For a decade, it had been known that the apical and basolateral membranes of epithelial cells had different lipid compositions (Kawai, ...

*Correspondence: Mascianà Gianluca, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21 00128 Rome, Italy, Tel: (+39) 06.22541.1257; Fax: (+39) 06.22541.1908; E-mail: [email protected] Received Date: 26 May 2017 Accepted Date: 18 Jul 2017 Published Date: 20 Jul 2017 Citation: Mascianà G, Gallo IF, Valeri S, Coppola R. An Omental Mass: Any Idea?. Ann Clin Case Rep. 2017; 2: 1406. ISSN...

This paper is going to discuss the following three questions from the view of Whitehead philosophy of education: (1) what is the idea of integrated education, (2) why should we have the integrated education, and (3) how can we achieve it? The concept of integrated education emphasizes methods which concentrate on viewing the student as a whole person. The goal is not about how to find a good jo...

IDEA is a 64-bit block cipher with 128-bit keys introduced by Lai and Massey in 1991. IDEA is one of the most widely used block ciphers, due to its inclusion in several cryptographic packages, such as PGP and SSH. The cryptographic strength of IDEA relies on a combination of three incompatible group operations – XOR, addition and modular multiplication. Since its introduction in 1991, IDEA has ...

T he Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 1990, Public Law 101-476; originally called the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 [Public Law 94-142]) provides the underpinnings for the delivery of occupational therapy to children with disabilities. Occupational therapy is included in IDEA as an educationaUy related service for children and young adults ages 3 years to ...