Distribution Substation Automation in Smart Grid Substation Automation (SA) can provide integral functions to the distribution grid automation. As more IED devices are installed to the distribution network, the need for IED management, control, and the corresponding advanced application operation is a growing imperative. Moreover, the Smart Grid applications, such as the Integrated Voltage and ...

The rapid displacement of the ocean floor during large earthquakes or volcanic eruptions causes propagation tsunami waves on surface ocean, and consequently internal gravity (IGWs) in atmosphere. IGWs pierce through troposphere into ionospheric layer. In addition to transferring energy ionosphere, they cause significant variations parameters, so have considerable effects radio this dispersive m...

Abstract Fully digitalized substations using IEC 61850 process bus are being introduced all over the world. Numerous utilities have featured pilot projects, demonstrators or even industrial scale deployment of these Digital Protection, Automation and Control Systems (FD-PACS). Product standards such as profiles for Instrument Transformers been developed published (IEC 61869-6 61869-9 by TC 38—I...

As microelectronic device features continue to shrink approaching atomic dimensions, control of the ion energy distribution on the substrate during plasma etching and deposition becomes increasingly critical. The ion energy should be high enough to drive ion-assisted etching, but not too high to cause substrate damage or loss of selectivity. In many cases, a nearly monoenergetic ion energy dist...

Approximately one in three patients with a successful epilepsy surgery will have seizure recurrence following antiepileptic drugs (AED) withdrawal. The value of postoperative testing for predicting seizure relapse after AED tapering is not clear. The purpose of this study was to review the literature for evidence on the use of postoperative investigations before AED discontinuation after succes...

The influence of nonstimulatory "competitor" peptides on the binding of an antigenic peptide to a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule was investigated. Using high-performance size-exclusion chromatography and fluorescein-labeled peptides, we show that the presence of the peptides dynorphin A-(1-13) and poly(L-lysine) results in enhancement rather than inhibition of the bind...