the importance of mesenchymal stem cells (mscs), as adult stem cells (ascs) able to divide into a variety of different cells is of utmost importance for stem cell researches. in this study, the ability of cartilage extract to induce differentiation of rat derived omentum tissue mscs (rot-mscs) into chondrocyte cells (ccs) was investigated. after isolation of rot-mscs, they were co-cultured with...

background: recurrent pregnancy loss (rpl) caused by various genetic and non-genetic factors. after chromosome abnormality, thrombophilia is one of the most important genetic factors that could cause rpl. factor v leiden and factor ii g20210a mutation were the most common mutations cause thrombophilia in the world. objective: the purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of factor v ...

Background: As the third most frequent cause of cancer death, breast cancer is a common disease worldwide. Most of the patients are being diagnosed in the stage that conventional treatments are not effective, and invasion and metastases lead to death. Therefore, identification of novel molecular markers to improve early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of the breast cancer is a necessity. Zin...

Introduction: Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is highly expressed in the hippocampus, which has a pivotal role in reward-related memories and morphine dependence. Methods: In the present study, morphine tolerance was induced in male Wistar rats by 7 days repeated morphine injections once daily, and then gene expression profile of α-isoform of CaMKII (CaMKIIα) in the hipp...

The gene encoding the type II signal peptidase (SPase II) of Bacillus subtilis was isolated by screening a genomic DNA library of this bacterium for the ability to increase the levels of globomycin resistance in Escherichia coli, and to complement the growth deficiency at the non-permissive temperature of E. coli strain Y815 carrying a temperature-sensitive mutation in its Isp gene for SPase II...

Natural product biosynthetic pathways generate molecules of enormous structural complexity and exquisitely tuned biological activities. Studies of natural products have led to the discovery of many pharmaceutical agents, particularly antibiotics. Attempts to harness the catalytic prowess of biosynthetic enzyme systems, for both compound discovery and engineering, have been limited by a poor und...

Through direct sequencing methods, the mitochondrial gene for cytochrome oxidase subunit two (CO II) and the single-copy nuclear gene for calmodulin were compared among strains of Caenorhabidits elegans and two other Caenorhabditis species (C. remanei and C. briggsae). In addition the CO II sequence was determined from a distantly related nematode, Steinernema intermedii. Among the 11 strains o...

Sucrose is transported into Bacillus subtilis cells by way of a phosphotransferase system, which consists of a specific enzyme II, a nonspecific enzyme I, and a histidine-containing phosphocarrier protein. Mutations in the sacP locus abolish the specific transport of sucrose. The B. subtilis sacP gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and transformed cells could transport and phosph...

Monocyte infiltration into the vessel wall, a key initial step in the process of atherosclerosis, is mediated in part by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Hypertension, particularly in the presence of an activated renin-angiotensin system, is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. To investigate a potential molecular basis for a link between hypertension and ather...