A series of discoveries has transformed concepts of spondyloarthritis and proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-23 (IL-23) has taken centre stage. The IL-23 frenzy kicked off with the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) gene that are associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and also with related disorders such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ...

Recent studies show that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is involved in immune responses. AhR is activated following interaction with its ligands, such as 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) and 2-(1'H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE). In this study, we investigated the role of AhR activation by its endogenous ligands in the pathogenesis of ocular Behcet's...

[structure: see text] The structure of ulapualide A (1) has been solved by X-ray crystallography in a complex with G-actin. The stereochemical configuration was assigned as 3S,9S,22S,23R,24S,26S,27S,31R,32R,33R.

Background Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a heterogeneous, chronic, inflammatory spondyloarthropathy associated with psoriasis. PsA accompanied by many comorbidities, especially hypertension, metabolic syndrome, obesity, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (1). Mediators that cause chronic inflammation such as IL-23R, IL-17, IL-12B are thought to play an important role in the pathoge...

Facco et al demonstrated elevated levels of T helper 17 (Th17) cells in the peripheral blood and in the bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with active sarcoidosis; increased expression of interleukin 17 (IL-17) and IL-23R in lung and lymph node specimens was also noted. These results suggest a role for the IL-23/ Th17 inflammatory axis in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. Crohn’s disease (CD) is...

Oxidants play a significant role in causing oxidative stress, which underlies the pathogenesis of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. The processes associated with inflammatory responses are complex and often involve reactive oxygen species. There are many mediators that initiate and amplify the inflammatory response such as histamine, serotonin and metabolic products of arachidonic acid (th...