The closer a line extends toward a surrounding frame, the longer it appears. This is known as a framing effect. Over 70 years ago, Teodor Künnapas demonstrated that the shape of the visual field itself can act as a frame to influence the perceived length of lines in the vertical-horizontal illusion. This illusion is typically created by having a vertical line rise from the center of a horizonta...

A new illusion is reported. A visual object suddenly appearing on a red background sometimes causes an impression of flicker or double flash. In Experiment 1, a red, green, or blue object was presented on a red, green, blue, or gray background. Participants evaluated the illusion strength in reference to the physical flicker of a gray object presented in central vision. The results show that th...

The Delboeuf illusion and the Ebbinghaus illusion (also known as the Titchener illusion) demonstrate that an external contour can lead to size-assimilation and size-contrast perception. This paper explores a novel illusion, revealing that neighboring external contours can also lead to a distortion in length perception. The illusion was originally discovered from a face stimulus (Experiment 1) i...

according to philosophers, the soul is an immaterial essence that can be perfected by knowledge and action. but how does the soul perfect through knowledge and action? what is the way of perfection? furthermore, is such perfection stopped by death or does its life continue after death? in this paper, i will explain avicenna’s answers to these questions. also, i will examine the problem of the p...

Objective: Xenomelia, that is, the nonacceptance of one’s own limb, is an intriguing but little understood condition. We sought to further test the most prominent neuroscientific hypothesis that suggests xenomelia results from a breakdown in multisensory integration for the affected body part. Method: A ”rubber foot illusion” paradigm was developed and tested in healthy participants and in indi...

Anna Sagana was born on March 22nd, 1986 in Kalamata, Greece. After graduating from secondary school in 2003, she was admitted to the Programme of Psychology at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. During her bachelor studies she served as founding member and president of the Greek Psychology Students’ Association, as well as vice president of the European Federation of P...

A rotating disk composed of alternating light and dark segments may give rise to the wagon wheel illusion: a perceptual reversal in rotation direction. Continuously illuminated (eg in daylight) as well as discretely presented (eg stroboscopic or computer-animated) versions of the illusion exist; here, we investigated the discrete version. Prominence of the illusion is commonly believed to depen...