Discharges from shipping are estimated to account for about 20% of global discharges at sea. The protection of the marine environment can be greatly enhanced by reducing these discharges of ship generated waste and cargo residues into the sea. Achieving zero-waste in maritime transport is one of the Commission's policy goals, as set out in the Commission Communication on strategic goals and rec...

Chapter Summary The two most common types of noise are point source and line source. Natural factors such as topography, vegetation, and temperature can reduce noise over distance. A hard site exists where sound travels away from the source over a generally flat, hard surface such as water, concrete, or hard-packed soil. When ground cover or normal unpacked earth is present between the source a...

in this research by taking advantage of degradtion model ina grid system an area of 9222 km in eastern part of tehran province including eslam shahr , rey , varamin , damavand , and firooz kooh were studied . the results show that 43.8 % of the area , due to its natural condition , is not suitable for development. the rest of the area ( 42.5) due to the degradation caused by man's activiti...

For decades, discussions on human resources in health have ended with a ritual call for more and better manpower planning. But this traditional wisdom has been discredited by unrealistic or vague targets, based all too often on information that was inaccurate, outdated and unrelated to the policy agenda. Nevertheless, in as labourintensive a domain as delivering health care, reform does entail ...

a study was carried out in a strip of a river and in a nearby well in the rainy and dry seasons to assess the impact of tobacco waste disposal on the roadsides. there were significant seasonal variations in the concentration of nicotine being higher (p

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The document is aimed at helping policy makers to increase their understanding of the basic elements, processes and multi-dimensional nature of SIAs. It intends to increase awareness of the potential of SIA for developing more sustainable policies, strategies and action plans within OECD member countries. It is hoped that it will stimulate policy makers to implement or revisit their SIAs within...