Under the alternating electrical excitation, biological tissues produce a complex electrical impedance which depends on tissue composition, structures, health status, and applied signal frequency, and hence the bioelectrical impedance methods can be utilized for noninvasive tissue characterization. As the impedance responses of these tissue parameters vary with frequencies of the applied signal...

great effect of three way catalytic convertor (twc) performance on oxygen sensor output voltage has made the sensor (located after catalyst) as the main signal in almost all today’s twc monitoring algorithms. in this paper output voltage of nonlinear oxygen sensor is estimated using a nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (narx) model. the estimation uses ecu calculated exhaust gas flo...

Frequency-difference electrical impedance tomography (fdEIT) reconstructs frequency-dependent changes of a complex impedance distribution. It has a potential application in acute stroke detection because there are significant differences in impedance spectra between stroke lesions and normal brain tissues. However, fdEIT suffers from the influences of electrode-skin contact impedance since cont...

Microgrids need control strategies to achieve maximum performance. An appropriate strategy should have high performance in unbalanced conditions addition normal conditions. Today, the use of microgrids, with a variety power sources, including solar, wind, diesel, energy storage sources increase capability distribution grid has made significant progress. However, controlling and managing their e...

A single multi-plane light convertor (MPLC) is applied to simultaneously mitigate turbulence-induced crosstalk and demultiplex two orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexed channels for a free-space optical link. Comprised of six programmable phase planes, the MPLC placed at receiver side turbulence mitigation channel demultiplexing. Propagating through cascaded coaxial turbulence-distorted OA...

Regional cerebral blood flow and blood volume changes that occur during human brain activity will change the local impedance of that cortical area, as blood has a lower impedance than that of brain. Theoretically, such impedance changes could be measured from scalp electrodes and reconstructed into images of the internal impedance of the head. Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a newly de...

Waterborne Epoxy based coatings were prepared by using a water-borne epoxy resin and a suitable hardener. The formulation and optimization procedure were carried out on the bases of experimental designs by the mixture design technique in which the important paint properties are modeled by using special cubic model. The corrosion behavior of these coatings was investigated using electrochemical ...

This paper discusses the effect of load change on the Thevenin equivalent impedance of power systems. In this paper, the Thevenin equivalent impedance influenced by the derivative of active load with respect to reactive load (dP/dQ) is analyzed. The Thevenin equivalent impedance forms a closed curve in a complex plane and shrinks to one point when voltage collapses. The magnitude of the Theveni...

This paper examines human impedance perception ability during manipulation of an impedance-controlled robot, especially as regards perception accuracy and differential limen. In the experiments, a subject is instructed to move the handle of an impedance-controlled robot and to perceive the presented value of the robot impedance. Experimental results show that both motor control ability and soma...

Biological organisms and their component organs, tissues and cells have unique electrical impedance properties. Impedance properties often change with changes in structure, composition, and metabolism, and can be indicative of the onset and progression of disease states. Over the past 100 years, instruments and analytical methods have been developed to measure the impedance properties of biolog...