In dogs, resection of a length of the ulna equal to twice the diameter of the mid-shaft leaves a defect which consistently fails to unite. In response to an implant of 100 mg of bovine bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), the defect becomes filled by callus consisting of fibrocartilage, cartilage and woven bone within four weeks. The cartilage is resorbed and replaced by new bone in four to eight ...

Long bone defects represent a clinical challenge. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has been developed to overcome problems associated with conventional methods. The aim of this study was to assess the BTE strategies available in preclinical and clinical settings and the current evidence supporting this approach. A systematic literature screening was performed on PubMed database, searching for both...

Current strategies for jaw reconstruction require multiple procedures, to repair the bone defect, to offer sufficient support, and to place the tooth implant. The entire procedure can be painful and time-consuming, and the desired functional repair can be achieved only when both steps are successful. The ability to engineer combined tooth and bone constructs, which would grow in a coordinated f...

Guided bone regeneration has been applied in implant dentistry for increasing the width and height of the alveolar ridge in areas with insufficient bone. Various materials and techniques have been used for this purpose. It refers to a surgical procedure by which utilizing a mechanical barrier to create a secluded space around the defect to permit bone regeneration without the competition of oth...

BACKGROUND The advent of osseointegration and advances in biomaterials and techniques have contributed to increased application of dental implants in the restoration of partial and completely edentulous patients. Often, in these patients, soft and hard tissue defects result from a variety of causes, such as infection, trauma, and tooth loss. These create an anatomically less favorable foundatio...

In this paper, we report the benefit of Computer Tomography (CT), reverse engineering (RE) and rapid prototyping (RP) in individual implant production for maxillofacial surgery. The design and fabrication processes includes: a) processing medical image data of a patient’s pathologically defective area having a symmetrical part to construct a three-dimensional (3D) digital model; b) forming an i...

Critical size defects in ovine tibiae, stabilised with intramedullary interlocking nails, were used to assess whether the addition of carboxymethylcellulose to the standard osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1/BMP-7) implant would affect the implant's efficacy for bone regeneration. The biomaterial carriers were a 'putty' carrier of carboxymethylcellulose and bovine-derived type-I collagen (OPP) or the s...

Previous studies demonstrated that the addition of biodegradable polymer microparticles to calcium phosphate (CaP) cement improves the cement's degradative behavior without affecting its handling characteristics, especially its injectability and moldability. We investigated the influence of molecular weight of polymeric microparticles included in CaP cement on implant degradation and bone forma...

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are growth and differentiation factors involved during development in morphogenesis, organogenesis and later mainly in regeneration processes, in particular in bone where they are responsible for osteoinduction. For more than a decade, recombinant human (rh)BMP-2 has been used in the clinic for lumbar spinal fusion at non-physiological high dosages that appear...