Classification based on Fisher’s Linear Discriminant Analysis (FLDA) is challenging when the number of variables largely exceeds the number of given samples: The original FLDA needs to be carefully modified and with high dimensionality implementational issues like reduction of storage costs are of crucial importance. In this paper we first review popular methods for the high dimension/small sam...

OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between partial and incremental implementation of the Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) model and measures of cost and quality of care. DATA SOURCE We combined validated, self-reported PCMH capabilities data with administrative claims data for a diverse statewide population of 2,432 primary care practices in Michigan. These data were supplemented with ...

This paper analyzes the decision process that leads destination countries to introduce selective immigration policies based on skills requirements. We show that in absence of policy implementation costs, preferences in destination countries are polarized between complete openness or complete closure. However, this result changes if we take into account policy implementation costs. In presence o...

BACKGROUND Understanding cost-drivers and estimating societal costs are important challenges for economic evaluation of health technologies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study assessed community experiences of health resource usage and perceived cost-drivers from a societal perspective to inform the design of an economic model for the Community Level Interventions for Pre-ec...

BACKGROUND Information on the costs of implementing programmes designed to provide support of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere is increasingly being requested by donors for programme evaluation purposes. To date, little information exists to document the costs and structure of costs of OVC programmes as actually implemented "on the ground" by local non-g...

BACKGROUND Value-based insurance design attempts to align drug copayment tier with value rather than cost. Previous implementations of value-based insurance design have lowered copayments for drugs indicated for select "high value" conditions and have found modest improvements in medication adherence. However, these implementations have generally not resulted in cost savings to the health plan,...

African swine fever remains the greatest limitation to the development of the pig industry in Africa, and parts of Asia and Europe. It is especially important in West and Central African countries where the disease has become endemic. Biosecurity is the implementation of a set of measures that reduce the risk of infection through segregation, cleaning and disinfection. Using a 122-sow piggery u...

All environmental policies involve costs of implementation and management that are distinct from pollution sources’ abatement costs. In practice, regulators and sources usually share these administrative costs. We examine theoretically an optimal policy consisting of an emissions tax and the distribution of administrative costs between the government and regulated sources of pollution. Our focu...

The concepts of implementation and extension complexities were developed in connection with an object oriented reengineering of a legacy CAD system [KA97]. These concepts consider a software system as an implementation of a number of different algorithms. Ideally, an algorithm in an object oriented (O-O) system is implemented by a single method that only processes data in its own object. Such a...

We use the implementation of a new prospective payment system (PPS) for inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) to investigate the effect of changes in marginal and average reimbursement on costs. The results show that the IRF PPS led to a significant decline in costs and length of stay. Changes in marginal reimbursement associated with the move from a cost-based system to a PPS led to a 7-1...