An implicature i that arises from an utterance U is cancelable if U is consistent with not i. If i is a cancelable implicature, then it is a conversational implicature. However, some particularized conversational implicatures (PCIs) cannot straightforwardly be canceled. Imagine that Mr. X is applying for a philosophy position and his teacher is writing him the following letter of recommendation:

This paper deals with a special type of automatic reasoning—a process of inference of new facts from a knowledge base. The presented type is not based on large embracive common-sense knowledge-base and wide-ranging ontology. Rather, it takes advantage of universal lexical database in the form of semantic network and also universal hypotheses that concern conversational implicatures.

We claim mental models are a framework that allows to shed light on the phenomenon of presuppositions. A plan-based lexical representation for verbs, together with the eeect of conversational implicatures that discharge possible mental models, are the key features of this proposal.

According to the optimal assertions approach of Benz and van Rooij (2007), conversational implicatures can be calculated based on the assumption that a given signal was optimal, i.e. that it was the sender’s best choice if she assumes, purely hypothetically, a particular naive receiver interpretation behavior. This paper embeds the optimal assertions approach in a general signaling game setting...

Implicit opinions are commonly seen in opinion-oriented documents, such as political editorials. Previous work have utilized opinion inference rules to detect implicit opinions evoked by events that positively/negatively affect entities (goodFor/badFor) to improve sentiment analysis for English text. Since people in different languages may express implicit opinions in different ways, in this wo...

This paper examines the possibility of providing a unified account of the projection properties of presuppositions, conventional and conversational implicatures. I discuss the solution offered in (Roberts et al. 2009) and show that the central notion we need to cover the spectrum of observations is that of attachment.

In this paper we examine the distribution and functions of two optional particles found in polar questions central Sicilian: chi cusà. The import these can best be understood if their various types ‘non-canonical’ is analysed, based on typology outlined Farkas (2020). Farkas’s account, canonical are characterized by default assumptions speaker ignorance addressee competence about question’s pro...

We all know by now that the totality of what is conveyed by a linguistic utterance includes multiple types or categories of content. The categories are distinguished in two main ways: how they arise (e.g. due to linguistic convention or due to normbased inference); and how particular contents of that category behave (e.g. whether the content can embed under operators). The principal types of co...

Three experiments were conducted on how properties of the text control one aspect of the process of identifying with the central character in a story. In particular, we were concerned with textual determinants of character transparency, that is, the extent to which the character’s actions and attitudes are clear and understandable. In Experiment 1, we hypothesized that the narrator in first-per...

Language comprehenders routinely make pragmatic inferences that go beyond the literal meanings of utterances. If A said “I ate some of the cookies,” B should infer that A ate some but not all. Children perform poorly on experimental tests of scalar implicatures like this, despite their early-emerging sensitivity to pragmatic cues. Our current work explores potential factors responsible for chil...