Abstract As a democratic latecomer, Switzerland enfranchised women in 1971. In 2019, the Swiss elected 42% to lower chamber (Nationalrat) with no legal quota force and only few parties list quota. How did this happen? its crosscutting cleavages, several institutionalized mechanisms cope divisive aspects of diversity have been developed, among others, informal proportional representation. They s...

We study the random multi-unit assignment problem in which the number of goods to be distributed depends on players’ preferences, obtaining several results that also apply to its corresponding version with fixed number of goods, commonly referred to as the course allocation problem. Although efficiency, envy-freeness, and group strategy-proofness can be achieved in the domain of dichotomous pre...

The carbon emission of China’s industry accounts for more than 70% of the total in the nation, thus the implementation of carbon emission quota trading in industry is of great importance to realize China’s national carbon emission reduction targets. Meanwhile, the allocation of carbon emission quota among sectors or enterprises proves the first and critical step. For this reason, this paper con...

this paper analyzes the effects ofexchange policies on iran,s foreign trade, by applying new econometric techniques. in assessing the impacts of depreciation of the national currency on macroeconomic variable, the real rather than nominal exchange rate has been determined to be more appropriate criterion to demonstrate the success or failure ofthe adopted policies. during the period under the s...

This study builds on the literature on the economics of output quotas in the presence of cheating. We extend previous work by Giannakas and Fulton (2000a) by examining the decisions of the agency responsible for the enforcement of output quotas in a decentralized policy-making structure. Enforcement policy design is modeled as a sequential game between the agency that determines the enforcement...

We propose that White men derive a psychological benefit from believing that affirmative action is a quota-based policy. Three studies provide evidence that quota beliefs protect White men’s self-esteem by boosting their sense of self-competence. Study 1 found a positive relationship between quota beliefs and self-esteem that was mediated by self-perceived competence. In Studies 2 and 3, the be...