The control of transport in magnetically confined plasmas is of major importance in the long way to achieve controlled thermonuclear fusion. Two major mechanisms have been proposed for such a turbulent transport: transport governed by the fluctuations of the magnetic field and transport governed by fluctuations of the electric field. There is presently a general consensus to consider, at low pl...

Abstract A process specific to the dynamics of heavy impurities in turbulent tokamak plasmas is found and analyzed. We show that parallel stochastic acceleration strongly coupled perpendicular transport generates a radial pinch velocity. The interaction produced with hidden drifts, quasi-coherent component motion consists pair average velocities opposite directions. breaks this symmetry yields ...

Using the island divertors (ID) of W7-AS and W7-X and the helical divertor (HD) of LHD as examples, the paper presents a comparative divertor transport study for three typical helical devices of different machine-size following two distinct divertor concepts, aiming at identifying common physics issues/effects for mutual validation and combined studies. Based on EMC3/EIRENE simulations supporte...

We study the nonequilibrium transport properties of a normal-superconductor-normal structure, focussing on the effect of adding an impurity in the superconducting region. Current conservation requires the su-perfluid velocity to be nonzero, causing a distortion of the quasiparticle dispersion relation within the superconductor. For weakly reflecting interfaces we find a regime of intermediate v...

The ITER Scenario Modelling Working Group (ISM WG) is organised within the European Task Force on Integrated Tokamak Modelling (ITM-TF). The main responsibility of the WG is to advance a panEuropean approach to integrated predictive modelling of ITER plasmas with the emphasis on urgent issues, identified during the ITER Design Review. Three major topics were selected, which are considered as ur...

Key Challenges of Impurity Profiling Workflow  Identification and quantification of trace-level impurities in drug substances and drug products  Laborious workflows for accurate characterization and confirmation of related impurities and other degradants which are present at or below 0.1%  Manual and time consuming structure elucidation process for drug related impurities or unknown impuriti...

The control of impurities is a critical issue in pharmaceutical industry and very strict regulations related with this issue have been introduced by ICH (International Conference on Harmonisation). The drugs impurities in general are classified into two types: (1) impurities associated with the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) production and, (2) impurities generated during formulation a...

This article deals with the identification and characterization of process-related impurities of trans-resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene), which exhibits several health benefits, including cancer prevention. During the synthesis of the bulk drug resveratrol, three new impurities were observed. The impurities were detected using the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, who...