I. In this paper I want to sketch an account of the role of skepticism in Kant's critical philosophy.1 The critical philosophy set forth in the Critique of Pure Reason (henceforth: the Critique) grew from and responds to a complex set of philosophical concerns. Among these two of special importance are concerns to address skepticism and to develop a reformed metaphysics. This much is widely rec...

This paper takes a fresh look at a classical theme in philosophical scholarship, the meaning of transcendental idealism, by contrasting Kant’s and Husserl’s versions of it. I present Kant’s transcendental idealism as a theory distinguishing between the world as in-itself and as given to the experiencing human being. This reconstruction provides the backdrop for Husserl’s transcendental phenomen...

The German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) defined living organisms as objects with an intrinsic purpose, which are self-organized in such a way that every part is a function of the whole and the whole is a function of every part, and in which “nothing is for nothing”. Kant already anticipated the tension between agency and structure, and between forward and backward causation. He also pe...

This paper concerns two interpretations of Kant’s second Analogy in the Critique of Pure Reason. On the one hand, Paul Guyer argues that the goal of the second Analogy is to provide grounds for the confirmation of beliefs about causal relations. Henry Allison, on the other hand, argues that the principle of the second Analogy is a condition of the possibility of experiencing succession, whether...

Arithmetical truths are a priori, but our understanding of them starts with the practical experience counting. Whether arithmetic is analytic – or synthetic as Kant maintained turns out to depend on what view we take about precise scope logic. A survey mathematical theorizing various kinds numbers shows that there more than one kind “construction” “intuition” involved. Kant’s conception priori ...

The name of Kant, a German philosopher (1724-1804) is immortal in the history of modern western Philosophy. Prime reason for this has been his simple life of abstinence and continuous ethical thinking. He lived a much disciplined life. He is believed to have practiced his routine life more strictly than the watch itself. From waking up in the morning to going to the bed at night, every minute o...

A Critical Review of Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Judgment and a Guideline on its Developmental Stages   A.R. Assaareh, Ph.D. * A. Mahdizaadeh Tehraani** A.R. Amini Zarrin*** S. Azimi****   Developmental theories describe and explain stages in which different aspects of human psyche develop. Among such theories is Kohlberg’s theory of moral judgment wherein a complex ...