abstract since for some reasons such as studying the behaviour of old construction materials and proper replacement of the deteriorated sections, adequate knowledge about the true in situ strength of the construction materials has become a necessity, many attempts have been made to invent and develop new in situ methods in recent years. most of these methods measure the in situ strengths of mat...

BACKGROUND Testing to determine HER2 status has come into focus since the approval of trastuzumab (Herceptin) for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. We compared the cost-effectiveness of various strategies used to test HER2 status, an important first step toward evaluating the overall cost-effectiveness of trastuzumab therapy. METHODS We performed a systematic review of studies tha...

In this study Ni catalyst have been activated during hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by adding Mo ions into the alkaline electrolyte. After dissolving different amounts of ammonium molybdate in the 1M NaOH as electrolyte, Ni catalyst was used as cathode for HER. Afterwards a comparison between hydrogen overpotential measured in Ni catalyst with and without in situ activation has been made; th...

Electrospun carbon nanofibers, produced from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber precursors, with their superior mechanical properties, are promising candidates for manufacturing advanced polymer composites. Here, we report a series of tensile tests performed in situ under scanning electron microscope (SEM)/transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation, which show that the modulus and streng...

Increasing demand for energy and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions has revived interest in nuclear energy. Designing materials for radiation environments necessitates a fundamental understanding of how radiation-induced defects alter mechanical properties. Ion beams create radiation damage efficiently without material activation, but their limited penetration depth requires small-scale test...

Common materials like metals appear to have unique and interesting properties when reduced to nanoscale. One example is that they become signifi cantly stronger, exhibiting strengths an order of magnitude higher than bulk. Understanding material strength at the appropriate scale is crucial in the design and reliable functioning of devices comprised of these materials. This article reviews recen...