House is considered not only as one of the main needs of human beings but also as one of the best determining characteristics of living standard. Housing shortages is one of the most acute problems next to the rapid growth of the large cities and their suburbs in developing countries. These cities take all the opportunities, services and the funds Which a country has to offer,, Despite this ...

The problem of vagrants and beggars is a fairly complex issue in big cities such as Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Surabaya, Medan, Makassar. These cities' charms have attracted the poor with low education levels limited access to education, health, skill development. Many service programs for been carried out, yet problems related never subsided. Quantitative qualitative approach are used determi...

Urbanization is one of the major anthropogenic processes contributing to local habitat loss and extirpation of numerous species, including wild bees, the most widespread pollinators. Little is known about the mechanisms through which urbanization impacts wild bee communities, or the types of urban green spaces that best promote their conservation in cities. The main objective of this study was ...

This paper reviews trends in cycling levels, safety, and policies in Canada and the USA over the past two decades. We analyze aggregate data for the two countries as well as cityspecific case study data for nine large cities (Chicago, Minneapolis, Montréal, New York, Portland, San Francisco, Toronto, Vancouver, and Washington). Cycling levels have increased in both the USA and Canada, while cyc...

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Being largely diversified along the urban–rural gradient, fertility gaps have demonstrated to fuel metropolitan expansion, contributing natural population growth and social change. In this direction, dynamics economic transformations continuously shaped urban cycles in Europe. Assuming suburban be a relevant engine of growth, present study investigates discusses intrinsic relationship between t...

Over the past 25 years there has been a dramatic decline in the number of quality jobs located in central cities. This has disproportionately had an adverse impact on the economic prospects of AfricanAmericans. One issue that has been neglected by most urban poverty researchers is the reasons why firms move. Using data from a representative sample of employers in Boston, Atlanta, Los Angeles, a...

iranian traditional cities were created with a system based on experiments and gradual establishment of society through time. qajar era is especially important in iranian art history. until mid qajar era, iranian cities’s architecture mainly took benefit of its common traditional architecture that is already seen in most desert-surrounding cities. till this era, there was not any connection bet...