This paper presents 4 studies which were conducted for the purpose of constructing and validating a new measure of people’s motivation for environmental behaviors, namely the Motivation Toward the Environment Scale (MTES). The MTES consists of subscales that measure an individual’s level of intrinsic, extrinsic, and a motivation for environmental behaviors. These subscales correspond to the dif...

Understanding the relationships among perceptions, behaviors and awareness of environment problems is of increasing interest to both policy makers and social scientists. There is, however, limited consensus among scholars as to the reasons for differences and similarities among population groups in their attitudes and behaviors regarding environmental conditions. South Africa, which has establi...

Many studies have found strong peer correlations for a variety of problem behaviors that begin in adolescence (e.g. substance use). Such correlations are commonly attributed to peer influences, but could also be explained by selective ('assortative') friendship: the tendency for those with similar patterns of behavior to become friends. Here we show how, under certain assumptions, cross-section...

This study explored individual, social, and built environmental attributes in and outside of the retirement village setting and associations with various active living outcomes including objectively measured physical activity, specific walking behaviors, and social participation. Residents in Perth, Australia (N = 323), were surveyed on environmental perceptions of the village and surrounding n...

Research on environmental behavior highlights the role of information systems in the information acquisition and attitude formation process. Computer-mediated social networks (CMSNs) are forms of social structures that support social activity through computer-mediated communication and interactions. CMSNs can have an influential effect on social norms surrounding various issues, including envir...

Investigating the relationship between cultural capital and environmental behaviors among youth employed in Asalouyeh (South Pars) is the main purpose of this study. Secondary objective of the study is to discover relationship between social associations, social norms and social trust and environmental social behaviors of the employees of south Pars. The research method in this study was survey...

Animal scientists have an extraordinary burden to promote the health and well-being of all animals in their care. Promoting species- or breed-appropriate behaviors through proper training and enrichment, regardless of animal housing, should be a paramount concern for all animal scientists working with exotic animals, laboratory animals, shelter animals, or privately owned pet animals. Developin...

This review presents the major findings in studies on humans of chromosomal, gonadal, prenatal hormonal and environmental contributions to sex dimorphic behaviors. The hypotheses derived from these studies are evaluated. Findings relevant to possible biological antecedents in the formation of gender identity, gender role behaviors, sexual orientation and “parenting” behaviors are reviewed and c...

The disappointment about the weak direct relationship between environmental concern and specific environmentally related behaviors is due to the incorrect assumption that general attitudes like environmental concern are direct determinants of specific behaviors. Because only situation-specific cognitions are direct determinants of specific behaviors, future research should no longer view enviro...

ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT A marked difference noted when comparing small mammals and exotic pets to their wild counterparts is the degree of complexity and interaction that exists in nature and the frequent lack of complexity and interaction in pet environments. While laboratories, zoos, and large-scale animal breeding facilities are encouraged or required to provide enrichment programs for thei...