Abstract We present a method to implement relativistic corrections the evolution of dark matter structures in Newtonian simulations ΛCDM universe via initial conditions. take nonlinear correspondence between Lagrangian (Newtonian) inhomogeneities and synchronous-comoving (relativistic) density description, use it promote constraint as condition for numerical structure formation. In this case, i...

This study examines the relationship between ownership structure and firm performance in Chinese companies. We hand collected ownership data on 1178 non-financial companies with a total of 5815 firm-years from annual reports. Through fixed-effect panel model, this study has the following findings. First, there is a positive relationship between firm performance and institutional ownership in Ch...

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the preand post-privatization operating performance and stock market performance of privatized banks and rival banks in middleand low-income countries. First, we find that privatization announcements elicit negative abnormal returns for rival banks and that the effects are more pronounced for subsequent tranche sale where the proportion of governm...

The initial energy density produced in heavy ion collisions can be estimated with the Bjorken formula after choosing a proper formation time $\ensuremath{\tau}{}_{\mathrm{F}}$. However, breaks down at low energies because it neglects finite nuclear thickness. Here we include both duration and longitudinal extension of production. When $\ensuremath{\tau}{}_{\mathrm{F}}$ is not too much smaller t...

Although set-up costs are prevalent and substantial in natural resource extraction, their analysis in decentralized markets is difficult. In particular, it is known that a Walrasian competitive equilibrium cannot exist in simple extraction models with set-up costs thus rendering standard competitive equilibrium analysis inapplicable. However, this paper demonstrates that this result is sensitiv...

Cold storage devices such as tape and optical discs are a good solution for reducing the total cost of ownership for storing data. However, there is a drawback in that media and drives are separated, and placing media into drives when accessing data needs a few minutes of time. Though placing correlated data together in the same medium reduces media exchange, multidimensional searches disrupt i...

Ownership types promise to provide a practical mechanism for enforcing stronger encapsulation by controlling aliasing in objectoriented languages. However, previous ownership type proposals have tied the aliasing policy of a system to the mechanism of ownership. As a result, these proposals are too weak to express many important aliasing constraints, yet also so restrictive that they prohibit m...