the dependence of iran's economy to oil revenues and affecting the political and economic issues on income have caused the vulnerability of the economy. one way to meet these challenges is expanding such products, on the one hand improving the domestic economy and on the other hand increasing the exports. among the agricultural products, medicinal plants have a special role in the domestic...

Taxes are considered one of the most important sources public revenues in financing general budget Iraq, because through them, financial can be provided to finance expenditures they stable compared other such as oil revenues. The policy country which it solve economic problems inflation and social redistribution income among members society. research reached a set conclusions recommendations.&#...

The resource curse is sometimes associated with poor resource-rich countries. However, using panel evidence from the United States, we find that also prevalent in a wealthy country. This study investigates impact of oil resources on income inequality, particular focus distinguishing between effects abundance (i.e. production) versus dependency consumption). We observe contrasting non-monotonic ...

Auctions generally do not lead to efficient outcomes when the expected value of the object for sale depends on both private and common value information. We report a series of first-price auction experiments to test three key predictions of auctions with private and common values: (i) inefficiencies grow with the uncertainty about the common value while revenues fall, (ii) increased competition...

In the winter of 1973, some major oil exporting countries joined together to declare an embargo on oil exports to some of the western countries for political reasons. Elated by their success and the realization that they controlled a major share of the oil exports, they subsequently raised the price of oil four-fold and cut back production, thereby obtaining, in the face of an almost inelastic ...

Legalized gambling is an attractive option to state governments facing tightening fiscal constraints. Yet, the empirical evidence on the effect of gambling on state revenues is limited. Most studies examine a single industry in a single state, and for a relatively short period of time. This study provides a more general analysis of gambling industries and their effects on state revenues. We use...

The objective of this research is to determine the impact oil exports on poverty reduction in African exporting countries. study spanned over 30 years, from 1991 2020, and relied secondary data extracted ten (10) highest oil-producing countries Africa. human development index (HDI) was used as a proxy for reduction. Panel ARDL technique analyse data. According findings study, using revenues exp...

RAND working papers are intended to share researchers' latest findings and to solicit informal peer review. They have been approved for circulation by RAND [unit] but have not been formally edited or peer reviewed. Unless otherwise indicated, working papers can be quoted and cited without permission of the author, provided the source is clearly referred to as a working paper. RAND's publication...

The article describes the past and future energy natural resources policies in Russia. authors consider main trends prospects state policy. shows relationship between National Welfare Fund growth decline consumption. argue ability of raw materials revenues to solve problems social financing. analysis relies on VAR VECM-model test generated hypotheses. model explores changes prices proportion in...