The inherent massive parallelism of self-assembly is one of its most appealing attributes for autonomous construction. One challenge in parallel self-assembly is to reduce the number of incompatible substructures that can occur in order to increase the yield in target structures. Early studies demonstrated how a simple approach to component design led components to self-assemble into incompatib...

[ The definition of conditional probabilities is based upon the existence of a joint A probability. However, a reconstruction of the joint probability from given conditional probabilities imposes certain constraints upon the latter, so that if several condit.iomd probabilities are chosen arbitrarily, the corresponding joint probability may not exist, Such an incompleteness in conditional probab...

Based on mixedness definition as ( ), we obtain a new variance-based uncertainty equality along with an inequality for Hermitian operators of a single-qubit system. The obtained uncertainty equality can be used as a measure of the system mixedness. A qubit system with feedback control is also exploited to demonstrate the new uncertainty. PACS number(s): 03.65.Yz; 03.65.Ud

Postpartum injections of 250 ,tg of anti-D gammaglobulin prevent Rh-immunization of Rh-negative women, with an im-munosuppression success rate of approximately 95% (Eklund and Nevanlinna, 1971). The average fetomaternal transfusion, however, is less than 1-5 ml in 98% of cases (Clarke et al., 1966), and so far there are few observations on trying to suppress primary Rh-immunization due to massi...

A cooperative group can achieve more than the sum of its members. Evolution has taken advantage of this principle in most natural systems, from multicellular individuals to ant colonies. To do so, it has provided the members of cooperative groups with communication tools, which are critical for effective cooperation. For example, some ants form bridges with their bodies to help their nest-mates...

In this work we show that in double-slit experiment properties incompatible with Which Slit property can be detected without erasing the knowledge of which slit each particle passes through and without affecting the point of impact on the final screen. A systematic procedure to find these particular properties is provided. A thought experiment which realizes this detection is proposed. PACS num...

Quantum, in contrast to classical, information theory, allows for different incompatible types (or species) of information which cannot be combined with each other. Distinguishing these incompatible types is useful in understanding the role of the two classical bits in teleportation (or one bit in one-bit teleportation), for discussing decoherence in information-theoretic terms, and for giving ...

Bell’s theorem contains the proposition that the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) theory (hypothesis) of the existence of elements of reality together with Einstein locality permits a mathematical description of EPR experiments by functions that are all defined on one common probability space. This proposition leads in turn to restrictions for possible experimental outcomes that Bell expressed in ...

The ABO-incompatible living-donor kidney transplantation was developed in Japan in 1989. Currently, most transplant physicians and surgeons have noted that outcomes are unexpectedly excellent, and no hyperacute rejections have been reported since 2001. In the registry of the Japanese ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplantation Committee, the data of 2434 ABO-incompatible living-donor kidney transpl...

Plant self-incompatibility is controlled by different genes for the recognition reactions of pollen and stigmas, yet correct association of the two genes have been maintained in two Brassica species.