Economic activity in different industries is linked to each other through aggregate income (horizontal linkages) and input-output relationships (vertical linkages). Could such linkages give rise to vicious circles of underdevelopment or virtuous circles of development when there are increasing returns to scale at the firm level? We show that vicious or virtuous circles based on demand linkages ...

Flash droughts are characterized by rapid development and intensification, generating a new risk for drought impacts on natural socio-economic systems. In the current climate change scenario, meteorological drivers involved in triggering flash uncertain. We analyzed role of underlying Spain over last six decades, evidencing that effect atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) is mainly restricted t...

Bridges are critical for transportation networks. Temporary closures due to poor maintenance may trigger adverse cascading events, affecting economic and societal well-being. Two main factors play a key role in bridge health conditions: ageing wear-and-tear the increasing traffic. This paper proposes comprehensive framework quantify combined phenomena holistic approach. The reliability assessme...

the main goal of this study was to investigate the way of affecting of water in production of cucumber. from aspect of econometrics, mutual relationships of production function and expenses have been analyzed in which translog cost function has been used. this function has been estimated using the conditional input demand functions, the shefard theorem, chemical fertilizer, animal fertilizer, l...

This study focused on the advanced oxidation of the hetero bi-functional reactive dye Sumifix Supra Yellow 3RF (CI Reactive Yellow 145) using dark Fenton and photo-Fenton conditions in a lab-scale experiment. A 2(3) factorial design was used to evaluate the effects of the three key factors: temperature, Fe(II) and H2O2 concentrations, for a dye concentration of 250 mg L(-1) with chemical oxygen...