The medical and societal impact of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions (AORC) has been characterized with respect to disability, ambulatory care, hospitalization, and economic burden. CDC's estimates of the national and state-specific costs of AORC in the United States in 1997 have been published previously. However, CDC has re-estimated indirect costs by enhancing the statistical methods....

iran has had incremental incidence of traffic accident mortality since introduction of mechanization about a century ago. but the newest data from iran show decrease in the absolute number of deaths, death per 10,000 vehicles and death per 100, 000 populations. despite its huge impact on health and economy, research in the field of traffic crashes is still scant and there are still deficiencies...

This essay traces the vein of thought represented by Calabresi’s The Costs of Accidents, both backward in time to examine its sources, and forward to its impact on current scholarship. I focus on three broad topics: positive versus normative law and economics, positivist versus anti-positivist thinking in law; and the assumption of rationality in law and economics. ∗ Professor of Law and Paul J...

OBJECTIVE To quantify the economic impact of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) on the employer. METHODS Data were collected from 374 women aged 18-45 with regular menses. Direct costs were quantified using administrative claims of these patients and the Medicare Fee Schedule. Indirect costs were quantified by both self-reported days of work missed and lost productivity at work. Regression analyses ...

The direct and indirect costs of suspected human rabies exposure were estimated for San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara counties, California, USA. Clinic, hospital, and county public health records (1998-2002) were examined to determine direct costs for postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), and 55 (41%) former patients were contacted to voluntarily provide estimates of their indirect costs associated w...

This paper reviews some concepts on health economics from the authors personal perspective. It then examines the few papers published on health economics analysis applied to the field of sleep apnea syndrome, as well as the literature on the indirect (cost) consequences of sleep apnea syndrome. It appears that undiagnosed sleep apnea leads to a roughly two-fold increase in medical expenses in t...

About 3.8 million people are injured in accidents at work in Europe every year. The resulting high costs are incurred by the victims themselves, their families, employers and society. We have used a numerical simulation to reconstruct accidents at work for several years. To reconstruct these accidents MADYMO R7.5 with a numerical human model (pedestrian model) is used. However, this model is de...

BACKGROUND We previously reported that indirect and intangible costs burden households with a food allergic adult. We now extend our investigation to households with food allergic children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to estimate direct, indirect, and intangible costs of food allergy in households with a child and/or adolescent with objectively diagnosed allergy ...