We analyze what functions as a YES response and a NO response for different yes/no questions. This problem is surprisingly complex: respondents do not always produce overt yes or no lexical items in response to a yes/no question. In addition, when respondents don’t include a clear yes or no word, they may mean to communicate a clear YES or NO meaning, or something else. We find that the classif...

Chemical stimulation of brain cholinergic neurons in many species can produce hypertension. Recent studies in this laboratory have demonstrated that clonidine inhibits this central cholinergic pressor response by inhibiting the biosynthesis of brain acetylcholine. This study was designed to determine whether methyldopa, like clonidine, could inhibit brain cholinergic neurons involved in cardiov...

The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the injection of a tolerated protein (indirect effects) affects the formation of granulomas around Schistosoma mansoni eggs trapped in the lungs after intravenous (iv) injection into normal (noninfected) C57BL/6 mice (6 animals per group). To induce oral tolerance to chicken egg ovalbumin a 1/5 dilution of egg white in water was offe...

OBJECTIVE To systematically determine the most efficacious approach for preventing pain on injection of propofol. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, www.clinicaltrials.gov, and hand searching from the reference lists of identified papers. STUDY SELECTION Randomised controlled trials comparing drug and non-drug interventions with plac...

objective: self-harm was classified to show forms like non-suicidal self injury and indirect risky behaviors and drug abuse. the aims of this study were to compare suicidal tendencies indexes and difficulty in emotion regulation skills in mixed groups of adolescents with direct and indirect forms of self-harm. methods: in a casual-comparative design from population of delinquent adolescents det...

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria causes polyclonal activation of B cells and stimulation of macrophages and other APC. We show here that, under in vivo conditions, LPS also induces strong stimulation of T cells. As manifested by CD69 upregulation, LPS injection stimulates both CD4 and CD8(+) T cells, and, at high doses, stimulates naive (CD44(lo)) cells as well as memory (CD...

In this study, preheated crude sunflower oil at 75C was used in a fourcylinder, naturally aspirated, indirect injection diesel engine. The experiments were conducted at the constant engine speeds under the full load condition of the engine to determine the performance, combustion, and injection characteristics of test fuels. The engine test results have been compared with the reference values t...

Friedman, Herman (Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pa.). Immunological tolerance to microbial antigens. I. Absence of specific antibody-containing cells in lymphoid tissue of mice injected at birth with Shigella soluble antigen. J. Bacteriol. 92:390-397. 1966.-Injection of a relatively large concentration of Shigella soluble antigen (SSA) into newborn mice results in specific immun...

BACKGROUND The local anesthetic properties of tetrodotoxin, a potent naturally occurring sodium channel blocker, have been recently reexamined. It was found that sciatic nerve block duration could be greatly increased and systemic toxicity greatly decreased if epinephrine was injected with tetrodotoxin. The mechanism that underlies epinephrine-mediated prolongation of tetrodotoxin nerve blocks ...