The paper examines the concept and essence of punishment individualization as a principle proceedings in cases administrative offenses. This is implemented by consolidating Code Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses ordinary rules for imposing applicable to any offense, special applied individual offenses those who committed them. On basis systematic analysis sentencing, law upholders u...

introduction. continuing education of physician society as a part of human power education is especially important. for changing methods of behavior, reasoning and professional culture, the study of the level of physicians’ motivation for enrolling in the programs is necessary. to determine the relationship of 7 indicators as motivation factors which consist of: convenience, relevance, individu...

In this paper we study the algorithmic complexity of following problems: (1) Given a vertex-colored graph X = (V,E,c) , compute minimum cardinality set vertices S⊆ V such that no nontrivial automorphism fixes all in S . A closely related problem is computing base for permutation group G ≤ Sym( n ) given by generators, i.e., subset ⊆ [ ] elements Our focus mainly on parameterized these problems....

Gene duplication is supposed to be the major source for genetic innovations. However, how a new duplicate gene acquires functions by integrating into a pathway and results in adaptively important phenotypes has remained largely unknown. Here, we investigated the biological roles and the underlying molecular mechanism of the young kep1 gene family in the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup ...