In cooperation with: Susanne Brendler-Schwaab, Harald Enzmann, Ludwig Schladt, Toxicology Rodent Studies and Genetic Toxicology, Bayer AG, Wuppertal; Erhard Deml, Doris Oesterle, Institute of Toxicology of the National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg; Karin Küttler, Werner Mellert, Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology, BASF AG, Ludwigshafen; Oliver Mönnikes,...

background: occupational lead poisoning is a health problem in iran. it has not previously been studied in traditional tile makers. objective: to determine the prevalence of lead poisoning and its complications in traditional tile workers in mashhad, northwest of iran. methods: we visited workers in two traditional tile factories and collected data by direct history taking and physical examinat...

background: copper sulfate ingestion is a relatively popular method for committing suicide in indian subcontinent. it causes a high mortality rate, and so a growing concern has been raised to identify the severe alarming signs suggestive of poor prognosis and to improve treatment approaches. case report: a 22-year-old unmarried man working as a painter was found unconscious at his friend reside...

Risk assessment is the process of quantifying the probability of a harmful effect to individuals or populations from human activities. Mechanistic approaches to risk assessment have been generally referred to as systems toxicology. Systems toxicology makes use of advanced analytical and computational tools to integrate classical toxicology and quantitative analysis of large networks of molecula...

A database of mutagenicity test results of new chemicals has been developed. Based on the amendment of the Industrial Safety and Health Law (ISHL) in 1979, manufacturers and importers in Japan are required to register any new work place chemicals with bacterial mutagenicity test results. At present more than ten thousand substances have been examined. We have surveyed correlations between 44 su...

A team of experts in biology, chemistry, and toxicology has developed a protocol to help industrial scientists detect endocrinedisrupting tendencies early in the chemical development process. What sets the Tiered Protocol for Endocrine Disruption (TiPED) apart from the protocols typically used to assess product safety is its incorporation of what the authors believe to be the best assays for de...

Styrene is an important industrial chemical that has shown genotoxicity in many toxicology assays. This is believed to be related to the DNA-binding properties of styrene-7,8-oxide (SO), a major metabolite of styrene. In this review, we have summarized knowledge on various aspects of styrene genotoxicity, especially in order to understand the formation and removal of primary DNA lesions, and th...

Acute systemic toxicity studies are carried out in many sectors in which synthetic chemicals are manufactured or used and are among the most criticized of all toxicology tests on both scientific and ethical grounds. A review of the drivers for acute toxicity testing within the pharmaceutical industry led to a paradigm shift whereby in vivo acute toxicity data are no longer routinely required in...