Cancer cells have been increasingly grown in pharmaceutical research to understand tumorigenesis and develop new therapeutic drugs. Currently, cells are typically grown using two-dimensional (2-D) cell culture approaches, where the native tumor microenvironment is difficult to recapitulate. Thus, one of the main obstacles in oncology is the lack of proper infection models that recount main feat...

herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) are members of the herpesviridae family. about 40% to 80% of the world populations are infected with hsv and its prevalence is high in iran. the high prevalence of this virus in the community and the ability of the virus in causing fatal diseases among immunocompromised patients, have encouraged studies to be performed on hsv and suitable cell ...

Individuals infected with HIV may be asymptomatic for years before progressing to overt AIDS. Since HIV can latently infect monocytoid cell lines, we examined whether HIV latency occurs in monocytes in vivo. Freshly isolated monocytes from asymptomatic seropositive individuals examined before and after culture were positive for HIV DNA, but not RNA, as measured by polymerase chain reaction, sho...

To facilitate studies of herpes simplex virus 1 latency, cell culture models of quiescent or latent infection have been developed. Using deep sequencing, we analyzed the expression of viral microRNAs (miRNAs) in two models employing human fibroblasts and one using rat neurons. In all cases, the expression patterns differed from that in productively infected cells, with the rat neuron pattern mo...

Although endothelial cells have been speculated to be a target in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), there has been little evidence linking dengue virus infection to any alteration in endothelial cell function. In this study, we show that human umbilical vein endothelial cells become activated when exposed to culture fluids from dengue virus-infected peripheral blood monocytes....

Pneumocystis carinii derived from infected murine lung was found to be capable of limited growth in Vero African green monkey kidney cell cultures. The observed increase in the number of cyst forms was influenced by the ratio of cysts to host cells in the inocula, duration of passage, and formulation of the cell culture media. Maximum growth was achieved by inoculating 1.3 X 10(5) cysts per 75-...

Background: Activation of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) signaling pathway in embryonic stem (ES) cells plays an important role in controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Adverse effects of BMP4 occur in a time dependent manner; however, little is known about the effect of different time exposure of this growth factor on cell number in culture media. In this study, ...

Western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viral RNA can be detected 20 days after death of infected Culex tarsalis in the absence of a cold chain. Viral RNA was detected with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in mosquitoes infected either parenterally or perorally in the laboratory and then killed and held for up to 20 days at 27 degrees C. Cell culture assay...

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection causes varicella, after which the virus becomes latent in ganglionic neurons. In tissue culture, VZV-infected human neurons remain viable at 2 weeks, whereas fibroblasts develop cytopathology. Next-generation RNA sequencing was used to compare VZV transcriptomes in neurons and fibroblasts and identified only 12 differentially transcribed genes of the 70 an...

In tissue culture, rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells differentiated with nerve growth factor (NGF) cease division, extend neuritic processes and acquire many properties characteristic of neuronal cells. In previous work, we have shown that NGF-differentiated PC12 cells can survive infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and maintain the viral genome in a quiescent but reactivatable s...